IDW 20 Final Program

Final Program

Plenary Sessions
LCT	Workshop on LC Science and Technologies
AMD	Workshop on Active Matrix Displays
FMC	Workshop on FPD Manufacturing, Materials and Components
PH	Workshop on Inorganic Emissive Display and Phosphors
OLED	Workshop on OLED Displays and Related Technologies
3D	Workshop on 3D/Hyper-Realistic Displays and Systems
VHF	Workshop on Applied Vision and Human Factors
PRJ	Workshop on Projection and Large-Area Displays and Their Components
EP	Workshop on EP Electronic Paper
MEET	Workshop on MEMS and Emerging Technologies for Future Displays and Devices
DES	Workshop on Display Electronic Systems
FLX	Workshop on Flexible Electronics
INP	Workshop on Touch Panels and Input Technologies
AIS	Topical Session on AI and Smart Society

Plenary Sessions

Dec. 9	9:20-9:40	Opening
Dec. 9	9:50-11:50	Keynote Addresses
Dec. 11	9:20-10:00	Special Talk

Opening

Dec. 9 9:20-9:40

Master of Ceremony: Shinichi Uehara (Executive Chair, IDW '20)

Opening Remarks

Reiji Hattori (General Chair, IDW '20)
Takatoshi Tsujimura (President, SID)
Akihiko Chigono (President, ITE)
Kazuhiko Hara (Program Chair, IDW '20)

Keynote Addresses

Dec. 9 9:50-11:50

Chair: Kazuhiko Hara (Program Chair, IDW '20)
Co-Chair: Reiji Hattori (General Chair, IDW '20)

Keynote Address-1 9:50	The Evolution of Media Services with Diversifying Viewing Styles – Diverse Vision: the Future of Media – *Koji Mitani¹ 1. NHK (Japan)
Keynote Address-2 10:30	Toward "KANDO" Creation with Immersive Visual Expression *Kazumasa Nomoto¹ 1. Sony (Japan)
Keynote Address-3 11:10	High Efficient GaN Based Micro LEDs for High Re-solution Micro LED Displays *Steven Paul DenBaars¹ 1. University of California, Santa Barbara (United States of America)

Special Talk

Dec. 11 9:20-10:00

Chair: Shin-ichi Uehara (AGC)
Co-Chair: Haruhiko Okumura (Toshiba)

xDiversity Platform: Audio-Visual-Tactile Communication Technologies with AI-tools Towards an Inclusive Society
*Yoichi Ochiai¹
1. University of Tsukuba (Japan)

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Workshop on LC Science and Technologies

Dec. 9	13:20-14:40	LCT1	Alignment Materials and Physics
Dec. 9	15:00-16:20	LCT2	Display Modes and Reliability
Dec. 9	16:40-17:55	LCT3	LC Lenses and Phase Control Devices
Dec. 10	9:00-10:30	LCT4	LCT Invited Session ~What's next for LCDs?~
Dec. 10	10:40-12:15	LCT5	Emerging LC Applications
Dec. 10	13:00-14:00	LCT6/FLX4	Flexible and Curved LCDs
Dec. 10	14:40-15:40	LCT7	Ultra-Fine-Pixel and Arranging Technologies
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	LCTp1	High Performance LCDs
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	LCTp2	LC Fundamentals

LCT1: Alignment Materials and Physics

Dec. 9 13:20-14:40

Chair: Koichi MIYACHI (JSR)
Co-Chair: Yukihiro KUDOH (Kogakuin Univ. )

LCT1-1 13:20	Invited Slippery Interface -Mechanism and Physical Properties- *Jun Yamamoto^1,2, Hirotsugu Kikuchi^2,3, Takeaki Araki^1,2, Isa Nishiyama^4,2, Kiyoshi Minoura^5,2 1. Kyoto University (Japan), 2. JST CREST (Japan), 3. Kyushu University (Japan), 4. DIC (Japan), 5. Sharp (Japan)
	We have invented the new principle to produce the slippery interfaces on the glass or plastic substrates. Anchoring energy and viscosity of surface director can be evaluated from the motion of the surface director under rotational magnetic field. Poly-ethylene Glycol (PEG)-Gel surface shows “weak and lubricated” slippery interface which is good character for the new mode of liquid crystal display (LCD).
LCT1-2 13:40	Invited Liquid Crystal Mixtures Including High Reliability Fluorinated Diluter and RM Monomer for PSVA and PI-less LCDs *Toshihiro Shibata¹, Masanobu Mizusaki², Tsuyoshi Okazaki², Kazuo Okamoto³ 1. Chiracol Co.LTD (Japan), 2. Sharp Corporation (Japan), 3. Organo Science (Japan)
	We developed difluorinated diluter(3HFFH3).It showed the high reliability for PSVA and PI-less LCDs under photo-irradiation for polymerization of various RM monomers. And we have comfirmed that the RM monomer carrying a chalcone unit was the best combination with it.
LCT1-3 14:00	Influence of UV Irradiance Strength on Polar Anchoring Properties of Photoalignment Polyimide Film *Sung-Fu Tsai¹, Wei-Wei Chen¹, Shie-Chang Jeng¹ 1. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)
	The difference of polar anchoring properties such as anchoring energy and pretilt angle of liquid crystal cell under different UV irradiance strength in photoalignment process are presented. In this work, vertical alignment nematic liquid crystal cell with commercial photoalignment polyimide film is used.
LCT1-4 14:20	Evaluation of Flexoelectric Coefficient by Means of Transmission Ellipsometry: Three compartments Measurement Ryuga Ueno¹, Daiki Fujiwara¹, Daiki Katsube¹, *Munehiro Kimura¹ 1. Nagaoka University of Technology (Japan)
	To determine two flexoelectric coefficients, improved method based on transmission ellipsometry that allows single cell to complete a series of measurements on device parameters including cell gap and surface anchoring energy is experimentally demonstrated.

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LCT2: Display Modes and Reliability

Dec. 9 15:00-16:20

Chair: Masaru INOUE (TOYOTech LLC)
Co-Chair: Subaru KAWASAKI (JNC)

LCT2-1 15:00	Invited Fast In-plane Switching of an Asymmetrically-anchored Liquid Crystal Cell by Vertical Triggering *Tae-Hoon Yoon¹, Yeongyu Choi¹ 1. Pusan National University (Korea)
	We demonstrate fast in-plane switching of an asymmetrically-anchored liquid crystal (LC) cell by vertical triggering. We confirmed that the fabricated asymmetrically-anchored cell can provide a sub-millisecond turn-off time while maintaining the high transmittance.
LCT2-2 15:20	Fountain (PE-FFS) Technology for Wide Viewing Angle LCD Lachezar Komitov¹, *Mohammed Ibn-Elhaj¹ 1. HighVisTec GmbH (Switzerland)
	A new pixel electrode structure for generating fringe field switching (FFS), which contains holes, is suggested. Such pixel perforated electrode (PE) with circular holes results in azimuthally degenerated switching of the liquid crystal molecules around the holes and thus enables the generation of images with 360° viewing angle and constant contrast.
LCT2-3 15:40	Optimum TFT-LCD Design Parameter of Optical Specifications at High Temperature for Automotive Application OEM5.0 *Chunlei Hao¹, Jianye Wang¹, Kaihong Huang¹, Xiaohe Li¹, Feng Qin¹ 1. Tianma Microelectronics., Ltd,Shanghai (China)
	We present detailed analysis and research about optical capability for automotive application OEM 5.0 at high temperature.We have come to the conclusion that the module brightness of TFT-LCD will decay at high temperature which is largely due to the attenuation of backlight brightness and panel transmittance at high temperature.
LCT2-4	Withdrawn

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LCT3: LC Lenses and Phase Control Devices

Dec. 9 16:40-17:55

Chair: Ken ISHIKAWA (Tokyo Tech.)
Co-Chair: Hiroyuki YOSHIDA (Osaka Univ. )

LCT3-1 16:40	Invited Simple Differential Interference Contrast Imaging System by Using Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells *Toshiaki Nose¹, Keiju Okano², Naoko Fujita², Jun Murata², Hajime Muraguchi², Noriaki Ozaki², Michinori Honma¹, Ryota Ito¹ 1. System, Akita Prefectural Univ. (Japan), 2. Bio, Akita Prefectural Univ. (Japan)
	Unique lateral shearing properties between ordinary and extraordinary rays appearing in twisted nematic liquid crystal cells are investigated. The small lateral shear is useful for differential interference contrast imaging systems, and a potential of electrically tuning of shear distance and/or bias retardation is demonstrated to optimize the imaging.
LCT3-2 17:00	Polarizer-free liquid crystal lenses with positive and negative focal length *Yu-Kai Hong¹, Jia-Jyun Gao¹, Jui-Wen Pan¹, Shie-Chang Jeng¹ 1. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)
	Liquid crystal lenses with the hole-patterned electrodes are widely applied for imaging applications due to the simple structure and ease of fabrication. A polarizer-free and disclination-free LC lens with positive and negative focus length is demonstrated by using four hybrid-aligned nematic LC layers with hole-patterned electrodes and dual-frequency LC materials.
LCT3-3 17:20	Fast switchable lenses, using ESH Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Souptik Mukherjee¹, Zhengnan Yuan¹, Zhibo Sun¹, *Anran Li¹, Abhishek K Srivastava¹, Chengbing Kang¹ 1. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Hong Kong)
	Optical devices like Virtual Reality (VR) headsets present challenges in terms of vergence accommodation conflict. To solve these challenges a fast switching device which uses ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) cell, response time in the micro-second range and a passive polarization dependent Liquid Crystal (LC) lens, is being presented in our studies.
LCT3-4L 17:40	Estimation of Birefringence and Absorption Losses of hydrogen-bonded Liquid Crystal with Alkoxy Chain in Terahertz region *Ryota Ito¹, Hayato Sekiya¹, Michinori Honma¹, Toshiaki Nose¹ 1. Akita Prefectural University (Japan)
	Liquid crystal (LC) device is important not only in visible region but also in terahertz region. In this study, birefringence and absorption losses of hydrogen-bonded LC was estimated at 2.5 THz. Our results indicate that introduction of alkoxy chain to hydrogen-bonded LC is effective to increase birefringence in terahertz region.

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LCT4: LCT Invited Session ~What's next for LCDs?~
Special Topics of Interest on Micro/Mini LEDs

Dec. 10 9:00-10:30

Chair: Takahiro ISHINABE (Tohoku Univ.)
Co-Chair: Koichi MIYACHI (JSR)

LCT4-1 9:00	Invited Mini-LED, OLED and Micro-LED: who wins? *Shin-Tson Wu¹, En-Lin Hsiang¹, Yi-Fen Lan² 1. University of Central Florida (United States of America), 2. AU Optronics, Inc. (Taiwan)
	Recently 'LCD, OLED or μLED: Who wins?' is a heated debatable question. In this paper, we give a comprehensive overview of these display technologies. The pros and cons of each technology are analyzed, and their future perspectives are discussed.
LCT4-2 9:50	Invited Development of Enhanced Dual-Cell LCD with Mega Contrast *Lei Guo¹, Yanping LIAO¹, Xibin SHAO¹, Yue DU¹, Lin ZHANG¹, Hao LIU¹, Ruichen ZHANG¹, Jiaqing LIU¹, Liangliang JIANG¹, Ke DAI¹, Seungmin LEE¹, Zhangtao WANG¹, Hongming ZHAN¹ 1. BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd. (China)
	This paper described the new key technology of Dual-Cell LCD with mega contrast. V-type pixel of sub cell, which contains enhanced mosaic slit ITO, is designed for eliminating moiré, transmittance fluctuation and horizon mura. Thanks to the development of functional films, Large size Dual-cell LCD such as 110 inch was realized without any special pixel design on subcell. Although algorithm optimization was needed according to the difference of resolution between main cell and sub cell, the skill of stacking two cells directly greatly enriched the product group and lifetime of Dual-Cell LCD, as low cost as well.
LCT4-3 10:10	Invited High Contrast Ratio FFS-based LCD Switchable to a Stronger Privacy Mode *Koji Murata¹, Kazutaka Hanaoka¹, Shinji Shimada¹, Shugo Yagi¹, Kenji Takase¹, Kiyoshi Minoura¹ 1. Sharp Corporation (Japan)
	We have developed an FFS-based LCD that can be switched between two display modes: 1) wide view mode with high contrast ratio and 2) narrow view mode enabling privacy. By combining the new LCD configuration with Switchable Backlight Technology, our 5.3-inch prototype has successfully enabled: 1) enhanced optical properties and 2) privacy mode with the appearance from side viewing direction darker that prevents unauthorized image viewing.

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LCT5: Emerging LC Applications

Dec. 10 10:40-12:15

Chair: Toshiaki NOSE (Akita Pref. Univ.)
Co-Chair: Seiji SHIBAHARA (Sony Home Entertainment & Sound Products)

LCT5-1 10:40	Invited Technological development of liquid crystal smart window *Tsung-Hsien Lin¹ 1. National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan)
	Smart window is the films/glasses having the incredible feature of controlling heat, privacy, and getting their transmission properties changed. In this presentation, I will talk about the recent technology and development of multi-functional LC smart window
LCT5-2 11:00	Invited Liquid Crystal New Frontier; LiDAR Uses? *Akihiro Mochizuki¹ 1. i-CORE Technology, LLC. (United States of America)
	A hard surface object detection LiDAR has been developed for military purpose, and this intensity only detection LiDAR is expected to be applied for autonomous driving device uses. This type of LiDAR requires beam steering capability and liquid crystal devices have some potential to be applied for this uses.
LCT5-3 11:20	Fast Motion-free LiDAR System Based on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Dammann Grating *Zhengnan Yuan¹, zhibo sun¹, Hoising Kwok¹, Abhishek kumar Srivastava¹ 1. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Hong Kong)
	We proposed a FLCDG based LiDAR system. Innovatively, the proposed FLCDG enables LiDAR as a fast one-shot capturing system (>50k frames/s) and detects the translational as well as the rotational movement. Furthermore, low fabrication cost and lightweight make this device perfectly suitable modern LiDARs, particularly for short distance.
LCT5-4L 11:40	Invited Enabling A Hyper-Connected World: Advanced Antenna Design Using Liquid Crystals And LCD Manufacturing *Ryan A Stevenson¹, Mohsen Sazegar¹, Phillip Sullivan¹ 1. Kymeta Corporation (United States of America)
	5G is adopting low Earth orbit and geostationary satellite networks for global connectivity. Mobility applications require a highly directional, scanning user antenna to connect to these networks. We have commercialized a novel, scanning antenna technology, leveraging liquid crystal and LCD manufacturing to enable mass adoption and connectivity to these networks.
LCT5-5L 12:00	Ambient Contrast Ratio of a Liquid Crystal Cell Stacked on a Luminescent Layer *Yoshiki Yamada¹, Yasuhiro Tsutsumi¹, Ichiro Fujieda¹ 1. Ritsumeikan University (Japan)
	A twisted-nematic liquid crystal cell was placed on a Coumarin 6 layer formed on a transparent plate. Its ambient contrast ratio remained around 10 even at the illuminance of 222 klx while that of a transmissive liquid crystal display operated at 397 cd/m² decreased to 5.4.

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LCT6/FLX4: Flexible and Curved LCDs

Dec. 10 13:00-14:00

Chair: Shinichiro OKA (Japan Display Inc.)
Co-Chair: Munehiro KIMURA (Nagaoka Univ. of Tech.)

LCT6/FLX4-1 13:00	Invited Advances of high temperature countermeasures in automotive LCD technology *Kenta Kamoshida¹, Ryo Tadauchi¹, Takashi Shimada¹, Kenji Ogura¹, Mitsuhiro Murata¹ 1. KYOCERA Corporation (Japan)
	Since launching the world's first LCD for automotive, we have devoted to improve LCD reliability and supplied LCD to various automotive interior parts. In recent HUD, luminance and temperature have been increasing, and light leakage may occur as a specific problem. As a result of investigation, it was found that the uneven distribution of the temperature on the polarizer could be the root cause of the shrinkage. Proper introduction of wire-grid substrate can be an effective countermeasure to improve the light leakage.
LCT6/FLX4-2 13:20	Invited Development of Ultranarrow Border LCDs Using Transparent Polyimide Substrates *Yosuke Hyodo¹, Shinichiro Oka¹, Lu Jin¹, Genki Asozu¹, Hiromi Kaneda¹, Kazuhide Mochizuki¹, Marina Mochizuki¹, Yoshiro Aoki¹, Naoyuki Asano¹ 1. Japan Display Inc. (Japan)
	We have been investigating in-plane switching liquid crystal displays using transparent polyimide film substrates, which are called sheet LCDs. An ultra-narrow-border LCD, i.e., an LCD with almost invisible border, was fabricated by bending the sheet LCD along the backlight frame and using the lens effect of the cover glass.
LCT6/FLX4-3 13:40	Organic Transistor Materials for bezel-free Plastic Liquid Crystal Displays *Michael Banach¹ 1. FlexEnable (UK)
	FlexiOM materials have been developed to make high performance organic transistor devices. The devices can fabricated at low temperatures which enables backplane technologies for flexible liquid crystal displays.

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LCT7: Ultra-Fine-Pixel and Arranging Technologies

Dec. 10 14:40-15:40

Chair: Hiroyuki OKADA (Univ. of Toyama)
Co-Chair: Mitsuru CHIDA (Sharp Display Technology Co.)

LCT7-1 14:40	Invited Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Pixel Arrays with 1 × 1-μm Pixel Pitch for Electro-Holography *Shintaro Aso¹, Ken-ichi Aoshima¹, Ryo Higashida¹, Nobuhiko Funabashi¹, Junichi Shibasaki¹, Takahiro Ishinabe², Yosei Shibata², Hideo Fujikake², Kenji Machida¹ 1. NHK (Japan), 2. Tohoku University (Japan)
	We fabricated ferroelectric liquid crystal pixel arrays with small pixel pitch of 1 × 1 μm using a prepatterned two-layer electrode and investigated the light modulation properties. Furthermore, we obtained reconstructed three-dimensional holographic images with a wide viewing-zone angle using a 10k × 10k array with 1 × 1-μm pixels.
LCT7-2 15:00	Evaluation and Analysis of Light Diffraction from One-Dimensional Liquid Crystal Devices with Small Pixel-Pitch More than 1μm *Junichi Shibasaki¹, Shintaro Aso¹, Kenichi Aoshima¹, Ryo Higashida¹, Nobihiko Funabashi¹, Takahiro Ishinabe², Yousei Shibata², Hideo Fujikake², Kenji Machida¹ 1. Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Japan), 2. Tohoku University (Japan)
	We compared diffraction characteristics of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) and nematic liquid crystal (NLC) devices with one-dimensional stripe pattern of 1-10μm pixel-pitch.1^st-order diffraction efficiency of the FLC with low-crosstalk was much larger than that of the NLC for less than 2μm pixel-pitch, indicating FLC’s better potential for holographic application.
LCT7-3	Withdrawn

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LCTp1: High Performance LCDs

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

LCTp1-1	Optimum TFT-LCD Design Parameter of High Contrast Ratio for Automotive Application OEM5.1 *Chunlei Hao¹, Jianye Wang¹, Kaihong Huang¹, Xiaohe Li¹, Feng Qin¹ 1. Tianma Microelectronics., Ltd,Shanghai,China (China)
	we present detailed analysis and in-depth research about how to improve the contrast ratio in the center and at A+/A/B area for automotive application OEM 5.1.
LCTp1-2	Withdrawn

LCTp1-3	Optimizing QD Polarizer for Dark Lightleakage in VA Mode LCDs *Zhenxia Chen¹, Miao Zhou¹, Chunqiu Yan¹, Xue Bai¹, Chengxiao Sun¹, Song Lan¹, Yuan Shao¹, Lixuan Chen¹, Tsung-lung Chang¹, Dongze Li¹, Xin Zhang¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co.,Ltd (China)
	Through QD-polarizer^[1], the viewing-angle and color-gamut of VA-LCD is significantly improved as well as IPS-LCD and OLED. But dark-leakage also excists just like normal VA-LCDs. The influence of dark-leakage is simulated and verfied by test. A significantly decrease (-80%) in dark luminance by optimizing the compensation value is discovered.
LCTp1-4L	Enhanced Utilization of Ambient Light by Optical Films Coupled to a Luminescent Waveguide *Yasuhiro Tsutsumi¹, Shiori Matsuda¹, Ichiro Fujieda¹ 1. Ritsumeikan University (Japan)
	Ambient light is converted to photoluminescence photons in a luminescent waveguide. A reflector placed below increases the upward flux by a factor of 1.7. A lightdiffusing film attached to its bottom surface improves this factor to 2.2. The ambient light redirected by these films would narrow a color gamut.
LCTp1-5L	Fabrication of Polymer Spacers for Flexible Nano-Phase-Separated LCDs with High Contrast Ratio *Akane Arakawa¹, Yosei Shibata¹, Takahiro Ishinabe¹, Hideo Fujikake¹ 1. Tohoku University (Japan)
	We have developed a flexible NPS-VA-mode LCDs with high contrast ratio using the thin plastic substrates and bonding polymer spacers. We successfully achieved a precise control of polymer spacer structures by optimizing the monomer concentration and a high curvature performance without the flow of LCs.

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LCTp2: LC Fundamentals

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

LCTp2-1	Order Parameter Simulation of Liquid Crystal Host Mixture for Blue Phase By Means of GROMACS *Munehiro Kimura¹, Hirofumi Takei¹, Yuta Shimizu¹, Daiki Katsube¹ 1. Nagaoka University of Technology (Japan)
	Order parameter of a modeled liquid crystal mixture which was selected with reference to the blue phase liquid crystal mixture used in the past literature was calculated with molecular dynamics simulation package, GROMACS. Results of the simulation qualitatively consistent with the classical mean field theory were obtained.
LCTp2-2	Decrease in Measurement Accuracy of Flexoelectric Coefficient by contamination in Liquid Crystal Materials *Daiki Fujiwara¹, Munehiro Kimura¹, Daiki Katsube¹ 1. Nagaoka University of Technology (Japan)
	It was confirmed that contamination in liquid crystal (LC) deteriorates the reliabilityof the estimation of device parameter such as flexoelectric coefficient especiallywhen measuring the phase difference of LC sampleby means of the symmetric oblique incident transmission ellipsometry with applying DC voltage.
LCTp2-3L	Photoinduced Charge Behaviors in Liquid Crystal Mixtures *Masaru Inoue¹, Sudarshan Kundu², Hiroshi Yokoyama² 1. TOYOTech LLC (United States of America), 2. Kent State University (United States of America)
	We propose a photoinduced charge measurement of LC mixtures by irradiating a light of a selected wavelength by monochromator. We found that there is an inherent wavelength of the sudden increment of the photoinduced charge which is the amount of mobile ions in an LC cell.
LCTp2-4L	Ultra-Low Driving Voltage in Quasi-Twisted Nematic Mode Using Weak / Strong Anchoring Hybrid Alignment Surface *Rumiko Yamaguchi¹, Shunya Kawata¹ 1. Akita University (Japan)
	A hybrid twisted nematic cell was designed using strong and weak polar anchoring surfaces. The LC director distribution was the same as that of a conventional 90° TN cell. An electro-optical property was numerically analyzed and a driving voltageof less than 1/5 of the TN cell was obtained.
LCTp2-5L	Resettability of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Helix Pitch Using Self-Assembled Dendrimer with Lysine Groups *Takumi Shiomi¹, Yosei Shibata¹, Takahiro Ishinabe¹, Hideo Fujikake¹ 1. Tohoku University (Japan)
	For the exploration of the applications using cholesteric liquid crystals, we attempted to control their helix pitch by the addition of self-assembled dendrimers into cholesteric liquid crystals. Consequently, we realized the stabilization and resettability of the helix pitch by the molecular interaction between the dendrimer and cholesteric liquid crystals.

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Workshop on Active Matrix Displays

Dec. 10	10:40-12:00	AMD1	Oxide TFT
Dec. 10	13:00-14:30	AMD2	Emerging TFT
Dec. 10	14:40-16:05	AMD3/AIS5	Display and Sensor
Dec. 11	9:00-10:30	AMD4	Micro/Mini LED I
Dec. 11	10:40-11:50	AMD5	Micro/Mini LED II
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	AMDp1	Active-Matrix Device

AMD1: Oxide TFT

Dec. 10 10:40-12:00

Chair: Toshiaki Arai (JOLED Inc.)
Co-Chair: Keisuke Omoto (Apple Inc.)

AMD1-1 10:40	Invited Current Status on the n/p type oxide semiconductor materials and the associated devices using Atomic Layer Deposition. *Jin-Seong Park¹, TaeHyun Hong¹, Wanho Choi¹, Kyungrok Kim¹, Hyemi Kim¹, Su Hwan Choi¹ 1. Hanyang Univ. (Korea)
	Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) has been introduced for oxide semiconductor synthesis and device applications. Interestingly, ALD enables to deposit not only high-performance oxide semiconductor (a-IGZO, etc.) but also p-type oxide semiconductors (CuO and SnO) at low deposition temperature. It will have great potential to solve the current material and device issues. ALD will be the emerging thin-film process in the coming display application.
AMD1-2 11:05	Simulation Study of Dual-Gate Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin-Film Transistors *Katsumi Abe¹, Kazuki Ota¹, Takeshi Kuwagaki¹ 1. Silvaco Japan Co., Ltd. (Japan)
	We studied the characteristic operations of dual-gate amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors via device simulations. These simulations reproduced the wide threshold voltage control range, the small drain voltage dependence of the saturation current, and the increased current capability under dual-gate operation conditions. As a result, these operating mechanisms are clarified.
AMD1-3L	Withdrawn

AMD1-4L 11:45	Effect of Nitrogen Plasma on Low-resistive Source/Drain Formation in Self-aligned In-Ga-Zn-Sn-O Thin-film Transistors *Hiroshi Tsuji¹, Tatsuya Takei¹, Mototaka Ochi², Masashi Miyakawa¹, Kohei Nishiyama², Yoshiki Nakajima¹, Mitsuru Nakata¹ 1. NHK (Japan), 2. Kobe Steel, Ltd. (Japan)
	The effect of nitrogen plasma on formation of the low-resistive source/drain (S/D) regions in self-aligned (SA) In-Ga-Zn-Sn-O (IGZTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) was investigated. The width-normalized parasitic SD resistance of SA-IGZTO-TFTs with nitrogen plasma treatment was 11.3 W·cm, which is ca. 40% lower than that with argon plasma treatment.

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AMD2: Emerging TFT

Dec. 10 13:00-14:30

Chair: Yosei Shibata (Tohoku Univ.)
Co-Chair: Hiromi Minemawari (AIST)

AMD2-1 13:00	Invited Prediction of Intrinsic Charge Mobility for Materials Developments of Organic Semiconductors *Hiroyuki Ishii¹ 1. University of Tsukuba (Japan)
	Organic semiconductors are expected to be one of the candidates for printable and flexible electronics. Prediction of the charge transport properties is a key technique in recent materials developments. We present a practical simulation method to evaluate the transport properties without use of experimental single-crystal data.
AMD2-2 13:25	Invited Development of Wet Fabrication Process of Organic Transistor for High Productivity *Shohei Koizumi¹, Kentaro Yamada¹, Masakazu Hori¹, Yosuke Hayashida¹, Kazuo Naito¹, Seiji Kawabata¹, Yudai Ishigaki¹, Makoto Nakazumi¹, Yoshiaki Kito¹, Hiroaki Iino², Jun-ichi Hanna² 1. Nikon (Japan), 2. Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan)
	We have succeeded in fabrication of an organic transistor (OTFT) circuit on large area substrate by wet process. This time, we have succeeded in finding that high productivity and good TFT characteristics can be achieved at the same time by using a liquid crystalline material as the organic semiconductor material.
AMD2-3 13:50	Invited High Performance Organic Transistors *Karl Leo¹ 1. Technical University of Dresden (Germany)
	We summarize recent progress on vertical organic transistors, allowing nanometer channels controlled by layer thickness. We have achieved devices with the highest operation speed for organics. Vertical organic transistors with two independent control electrodes allow to easily tune the threshold voltages, of key importance for applications such as display driving.
AMD2-4L 14:15	Temperature Dependence Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide Thin Films Utilizing 3ω Method *MD RAUF UL KARIM KHAN¹, Shim Chang-Hoon¹, Reiji Hattori¹, Michitaka Ohtaki¹, Koji Miyazaki² 1. Kyushu University (Japan), 2. Kyushu Institute of Technology (Japan)
	The temperature dependence of the cross-plane thermal conductivity of Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (IGZO) thin film was measured using a differential three-omega method. The IGZO thin films were deposited on Al₂O₃ substrate by DC sputtering at room temperature. The thermal conductivities were observed to be 1.6, 1.8, and 2.6 W/(m·K) at some different oxygen partial pressures, 0%, 10%, and 65%, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of IGZO thin film is decreasing with increasing the measurement ambient temperature according to the crystalline material typical characteristics. These results notify that a crystallinity exists inside the IGZO films and this crystalline phase governs the heat conduction into IGZO films.

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AMD3/AIS5: Display and Sensor
TFT Applications:

Dec. 10 14:40-16:05

Chair: Mutsumi Kimura (Ryukoku Univ.)
Co-Chair: Hiroki Hamada (Kindai Univ.)

AMD3/AIS5-1 14:40	Invited High Light Resistance IGZO-TFT for 10,000 nit Super Bright 8K LCD Display *Masamitsu Yamanaka¹, Jun Nishimura¹, Kengo Hara¹, Tohru Daitoh¹, Kenji Ohtsuki¹, Kenji Takase¹, Yuichi Kawahira¹, Akira Sakai¹, Kiyoshi Minoura¹ 1. SHARP DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (Japan)
	A 31.5inch-8K-LCD with 10,000 nit peak luminance, based on thePerceptual Quantization format in the ITU-R RecommendationBT2100, has been developed with local dimming driving toperceive a high dynamic range in bright ambient environments.Good image quality has been confirmed due toexcellent light-resistance characteristics of IGZO TFT.
AMD3/AIS5-2 15:05	Invited A Conformable Imager Using LTPS TFT and Organic Photodetector for Biometric Sensing *Hirofumi Kato¹, Takashi Nakamura¹, Tomoyuki Yokota², Takao Someya², Akio Takimoto¹ 1. Japan Display Inc. (Japan), 2. The University of Tokyo (Japan)
	We developed an imager by using low-temperature polysilicon thin-film transistors on a plastic substrate together with organic photodetectors. By improving the driving scheme, the framerate of the imager was up to 19.5fps with a resolution of 508ppi that enables high-resolution imaging and high-speed sensing simultaneously. The conformable imager can be attached to the human skin directly and measure the various biometric data such as pulse wave, fingerprints, and veins.
AMD3/AIS5-3 15:30	Simplified Pixel Circuit with New External Compensation Circuit for High-Resolution AMOLED Displays *Sung-Chun Chen¹, Li-Jung Chen, Chih-Lung Lin¹ 1. National Cheng Kung University (Taiwan)
	This work presents a simple pixel structure with external compensation circuit for high-resolution active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. Simulation results indicate that the emission current error rates are all below 5%, proving that the proposed circuit can improve the image quality of high-resolution AMOLED displays.
AMD3/AIS5-4L 15:50	Enhancement of Optical Memory Characteristics of Solution-Processed Organic Transistor Memories with Polymer-Small-Molecule Composite Charge Storage Layers *Reitaro Hattori¹, Takashi Nagase^1,2, Miho Higashinakaya¹, Shion Tazuhara¹, Takashi Kobayashi^1,2, Hiroyoshi Naito^1,2 1. Osaka Prefecture University (Japan), 2. The Research Institute for Molecular Electronic Devices (RIMED), Osaka Prefecture University (Japan)
	The use of soluble polymer-small molecule composites to polymer-based top-gate organic transistors can facilitate the solution processing of nonvolatile organic memories. We found that the addition of soluble fullerene derivatives to PMMA:TIPS-pentacene composite films allows achieving a large threshold voltage shift of over 40 V by photo-assisted programming.

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AMD4: Micro/Mini LED I
Special Topics of Interest on Micro/Mini LEDs

Dec. 11 9:00-10:30

Chair: Kazumasa Nomoto (SONY)
Co-Chair: Masahide Inoue (Huawei Techs. Japan)

AMD4-1 9:00	Invited OLED, MiniLED, MicroLED and QNED: The Battle for the Next Generation of Televisions *Eric Virey¹, Zine Bouhamri ¹ 1. Yole Developpement (France)
	OLED was once thought to be a sure winner for the next generation of high end TVs. However LCD keeps improving and closing the performance gap, and new technologies are emerging. Among them, miniLED, microLED and QNED have raised a lot of attention as potential OLED alternatives for TV applications.
AMD4-2 9:25	Invited MicroLED Display with LTPS Backplane using Novel Driving Circuit and Optical Outcoupling Structure *Kunio Imaizumi¹, Masaya Tamaki¹, Katsumi Aoki¹, Ryoichi Yokoyama¹, Hiroaki Ito¹, Sho Nakamitsu¹, Katsumi Yamanoguchi¹, Masahiko Nishide¹, Fanny Rahadian¹, Seiji Matsuda¹, Erwin Lang², Lutz Hoeppel² 1. Kyocera Corporation (Japan), 2. OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH (Germany)
	A 3.9” microLED display prototype with LTPS backplanes has been developed by using a newly-designed current and PWM hybrid driving technology to lower the color shift, resulting in achieving a higher frame rate. A novel approach for a reflector cavity process for improving outcoupling efficiency was also proposed.
AMD4-3 9:50	Micro-LED Pixel Circuit with n-type LTPS TFTs for Pulse Width Modulation Operation *Yong-Hoo Hong¹, Eun Kyo Jung¹, Jungwoo Lee¹, KeeChan Park², Jae-Hong Jeon³, Soo-Yeon Lee⁴, Yong-Sang Kim¹ 1. Sungkyunkwan University (Korea), 2. Konkuk University (Korea), 3. Korea Aerospace University (Korea), 4. Seoul National University (Korea)
	This paper proposes a novel micro-LED pixel circuit using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) operation method for preventing wavelength shifts generated by current density. In addition, the proposed circuit applies the internal V_thcompensation method to remove external sensing structure.
AMD4-4 10:10	A Novel Pixel Circuit Based on Oxide TFT for μLED Display Using Pulse Width Modulation Method *Eun Kyo Jung¹, Jungwoo Lee¹, Young-Hoo Hong¹, KeeChan Park², Jae-Hong Jeon³, Soo-Yeon Lee⁴, Yong-Sang Kim¹ 1. Sungkyunkwan University (Korea), 2. Konkuk University (Korea), 3. Korea Aerospace University (Korea), 4. Seoul National University (Korea)
	This paper introduces the novel pixel circuit for μLED display. In order to improve screen distortion, when grayscale representation of μLED is generated, we use the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method in which the amount of emission current of μLED is fixed and the emission time of μLED is controlled.

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AMD5: Micro/Mini LED II
Special Topics of Interest on Micro/Mini LEDs

Dec. 11 10:40-11:50

Chair: Masahide Inoue (Huawei Techs. Japan)
Co-Chair: Kazumasa Nomoto (SONY)

AMD5-1 10:40	Invited Towards Monolithic Active Matrix Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes *Matthew Hartensveld¹ 1. Innovation Semiconductor Inc (United States of America)
	Gallium Nitride (GaN) based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are poised to be the next display technology. Though the conventional approach of a separately fabricated backplane adds cost. Here, a vertical monolithic approach is presented pairing an LED and transistor. An on/off current ratio over 10⁴ is achieved with modulation demonstrated.
AMD5-2 11:05	Invited Recent developments in gallium nitride micro-light-emitting diode structured light sources *Martin David Dawson¹, Johannes Herrnsdorf¹, Jonathan McKendry¹, Erdan Gu¹, Enyuan Xie¹, Michael Strain¹, Alexander Griffiths¹ 1. University of Strathclyde (UK)
	New formats of fast response display technology are emerging based on micron-sized pixel inorganic light-emitting diodes, in particular utilising gallium nitride.This so-called micro-LED technology can be bonded or printed onto pitch-matched CMOS control electronics to implement digital-to-light conversion for various modes of operation.
AMD5-3 11:30	Optical Crosstalk Reduction in Gan-on-Si Micro-LED Display *Longheng Qi¹, Xu Zhang¹, Peian Li¹, Kei May Lau¹ 1. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Hong Kong)
	In this paper, the optical crosstalk issue in GaN-on-Si micro-LED display was simulated and analyzed. Based on simulation results, we proposed and realized the optimized micro-LED array structure, which could significantly reduce the optical crosstalk in GaN-on-Si micro- LED display.

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AMDp1: Active-Matrix Device

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

AMDp1-1	Characteristic of BCE Type IGZO Thin Film Transistor Device with Mo-alloy serving as a barrier layer for Cu electrodes *Yuhao Zhai¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd (China)
	The a-IGZO TFT with MoTiNi/Cu as S/D electrode exhibits lower VTH and improved performance of avoiding Ti oxidation compared to MoTi/Cu devices. The TEM and linescan of EDS are also used to analyze material properties of samples, which is in close agreement with the obtained electrical properties.
AMDp1-2	Hydrogen-Treated Stable IGZO Thin-Film Transistor with All-Sputtered Gate Stack *Taewon Seo¹, Juyoung Yun¹, Suwon Seong¹, Hyuk Park¹, Gilsu Jeon¹, Yoongyoung Chung¹ 1. Pohang University of Science and Technology (Korea)
	a-IGZO contains numerous defects, which degrade the performance and stability of thin-film transistors. Especially, the interface taps have dominant effects on the device properties, such as hysteresis and carrier scattering. We demonstrated highly-stable a-IGZO TFT with all-sputtered gate stack. Outstanding interface properties were obtained by passivation with hydrogen plasma treatment.
AMDp1-3L	Enhancement in Reliability of a-InZnO TFT by Fluorine-Doped Polysilsesquioxane Passivation with Spray Pyrolysis *Aimi Syairah Safaruddin¹, Juan Paolo S. Bermundo¹, Michael Paul A. Jallorina¹, Mami N. Fujii¹, Yukiharu Uraoka¹ 1. Nara Institute of Science and Technology (Japan)
	We report the effect of inorganic-organic passivation deposited by spray pyrolysis technique on enhancing the stability of a-InZnO thin-film transistors. We achieved better device stability by incorporating spray coated fluorine-doped passivation layer which protects the channel layer from atmospheric effects.
AMDp1-4L	A gate driver circuit integrating in a 15-inch AMOLED display based on IGZO-TFTs *Yan Xue^1,2,3, Yu Zhang¹, Longjie Wang¹, Guangmin Liang¹, Lei Xu¹, Liming Li¹, Baixiang Han^2,3, Weiran Cao^2,3, Yuanchun Wu^2,3 1. Shenzhan Polytechnic (China), 2. Shenzhen china star optoelectronics semiconductor display technology Co., Ltd (China), 3. National Engineering Laboratory for AMOLED Process Technology (China)
	A depletion-mode indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film-transistor (IGZO-TFT) gate driver on array (GOA) integrated circuit has been proposed. IGZO-TFTs are turned off completely due to the introduction of series-connected two-transistor structure and dual low-voltage-level power signal. Finally, the GOA circuit was placed in a 31-inch AMOLED display to testify the function.
AMDp1-5L	Analysis of Transfer Characteristics of InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors *Toshihiko Sakai¹, Daisuke Matsuo¹, Yoshitaka Setoguchi¹, Yasunori Andoh¹, Eiji Takahashi¹, Toshiyuki Sameshima² 1. Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. (Japan), 2. Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (Japan)
	The analysis of transfer characteristics of InGaZnO thin-film transistors (IGZO TFTs) with a home-made-numerical calculation program presents information of the densities of defect, free carrier and fixed charge which are essentially useful for process evaluation.
AMDp1-6L	Design of Double-gate Organic Transistors with Tunable Threshold Voltage *Yu Zhang¹, Yan Xue¹, Qiming Zeng¹, Li Yang¹ 1. Shenzhen Polytechnic (China)
	We exploit a solid-liquid dual-gate organic transistor structure, where the threshold voltage of the liquid-gated conduction channel is controlled by an additional gate that is separated from the channel by a metal oxide gate dielectric. With this design the threshold voltage of the “sensing channel” can be linearly tuned in a voltage window exceeding 0.4 V. In general, the capability of tuning the optimal sensing bias will not only improve the device performance but also broaden the material selection for display devices.
AMDp1-7	Withdrawn

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Workshop on FPD Manufacturing, Materials and Components

Dec. 9	16:40-18:00	FMC1	Display Manufacturing
Dec. 10	13:00-14:00	PRJ3/FMC2	AR System and Component
Dec. 11	13:00-14:15	FMC3	Aerial Display
Dec. 11	14:40-16:10	FMC4	Display Optics, mLED, and Standardization
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	FMCp1	Mini/Micro LED
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	FMCp2	Display Materials
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	FMCp3	Display Manufacturing

FMC1: Display Manufacturing

Dec. 9 16:40-18:00

Chair: Makoto Arai (ULVAC Inc.)
Co-Chair: Daisuke Ogomi (Nitto Denko Corporation)

FMC1-1 16:40	A New Broadband Illumination Technique to Achieve 1.0 µm L/S Resolution in FPD Lithography *Kanji Suzuki¹, Manabu Hakko¹, Miwako Ando¹, Nobuhiko Yabu¹, Kouhei Nagano¹, Nozomu Izumi¹ 1. Canon Inc. (Japan)
	To meet the demand for high resolution, we developed a new resolution enhancement technique (RET) and evaluated resolution performance of our new RET with a PSM. It was demonstrated that the newly developed RET improves not only resolution, but also DOF, for 1.0 μm L/S patterns
FMC1-2 17:00	Ultra-Precise Deposition Technology for High-Resolution Flat Panel Displays *Aneta Wiatrowska¹, Piotr Kowalczewski¹, Karolina Fiączyk¹, Łukasz Witczak¹, Mateusz Łysień¹, Ludovic Schneider¹, Filip Granek¹ 1. XTPL SA (Poland)
	We demonstrate a novel ultra-precise deposition (UPD) technology for next-generation displays. UPD allows maskless deposition of highly-concentrated silver and copper inks (even 85% wt. of metal content) and the printed feature size is as small as 1 micrometer with the electrical conductivity up to 45% of bulk value.
FMC1-3 17:20	Single Crystallization Technology for Silicon Thin Films Transistor by Optical Fiber and Blue Laser Diode *Junichi Kosugi¹, Masahiro Kinoshita¹, Seiya Toriyama¹, Takayuki Kosuge¹, Kaori Saito¹, Takuya Sawai¹, Yang YINGBAO¹, Nobuo Sasaki¹, Jun Gotoh¹, Shigeto Sugimoto¹ 1. V Technology Co., Ltd. (Japan)
	We propose the single crystallization technology using optical rectangle core fiber and blue laser diode. This simple optical system which forms top-hat-shaped beam projected from the rectangle core can perform single crystallization of Si film by choosing appropriate core shape, optical power and exposure time.
FMC1-4 17:40	LaAlO_x/Al₂O₃ Gate Insulator for Amorphous InGaZnO TFTs to Suppress Permittivity Scattering of Lanthanum Oxide *Won-Young Kim¹, Yuelin Chen¹, Sung-Ho Noh¹, Yong-Sang Kim¹ 1. Sungkyunkwan University (Korea)
	Although lanthanum oxide has a high dielectric constant, it is not suitable as a gate insulator for TFTs due to its hygroscopic property. To suppress this, we propose a fabrication of a LaAlO_x/Al₂O₃ gate insulator by aluminum doping and adding Al₂O₃ barrier on lanthanum oxide.

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PRJ3/FMC2: AR System and Component
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 10 13:00-14:00

Chair: Tetsuji Suzuki (JVC KENWOOD)
Co-Chair: Takayuki Fujiwara (Hitachi)

PRJ3/FMC2-1 13:00	Intermediate Image Temple Optical System with Small Diameter for Super-Light Smart Glasses Using Thin Plastic Light Guide Plates *Yoshifumi Sudoh¹, Shigenobu Hirano¹, Naoki Nakamura¹, Masahiro Itoh¹, Shun Okazaki¹, Susumu Momma¹, Masamichi Yamada¹, Takashi Maki¹, Aino Hasegawa¹, Norikazu Igarashi¹, Kenji Kameyama¹, Yasuo Katano¹, Takemasa Tsutsui¹ 1. Ricoh Company, Ltd. (Japan)
	We have developed super-light smart glasses using thin plastic light guide plates. Using a non-rotationally symmetric optical element on the intermediate image temple optical system, we succeeded in reducing the diameter of the optical system to approximately half, which is suitable for the light guide plate.
PRJ3/FMC2-2 13:20	Liquid Lens Used for the Virtual Reality System *Yu-Lin Chen¹, Tsung-Hsien Wu¹, Jui-Wen Pan¹ 1. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)
	This design combines the liquid lens with an immersive HMD system to improve the image quality for myopic and hyperopic users. A penta-prism is also incorporated and used to change the direction of the optical path to improve any optical aberration caused by the gravity effect.
PRJ3/FMC2-3 13:40	A Compact Full-color Laser Beam Scanning Image Projector Based on a Waveguide-type RGB Combiner *Akira Nakao¹, Shoji Yamada¹, Toshio Katsuyama¹, Osamu Kawasaki², Kazuki Iwabata², Koichi Horii², Akira Himeno^1,2 1. University of Fukui (Japan), 2. SEIREN KST Corp. (Japan)
	A packaged RGB laser module is demonstrated. Its size reaches as small as 8x4x3 mm. A compact RGB laser scanning module is also demonstrated. Since the modules are based on the waveguide-type combiner, each combined output beam is perfectly aligned. Clear full-color high-definition video images are obtained by using them.

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FMC3: Aerial Display

Dec. 11 13:00-14:15

Chair: Hirotsugu Yamamoto (Utsunomiya Univ.)
Co-Chair: Yukito Saitoh (FUJIFILM Corporation)

FMC3-1 13:00	Invited Large Air Floating Image Device and Application to Non-Contact User Interface *Yuki Maeda¹ 1. Parity Innovations Co. Ltd. (Japan)
	An air floating image device based on a dihedral corner reflector array is introduced in this paper. An observer can see the air floating image by the naked eye and manipulate it by touching the air floating image using non-contact sensor.
FMC3-2 13:20	Dual-View Aerial Display by Use of Linear Prism *Daiki Nishimura¹, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,2 1. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 2. JST, ACCEL (Japan)
	We propose an optical system for two-view aerial signage over an LED panel. It was confirmed that the crosstalk in the aerial image was reduced by using the linear prism. The aerial signage shows different apparent images depending on the viewing directions.
FMC3-3 13:40	Invited Simulation of micro-mirror array plates with Blender *Naoya Koizumi¹ 1. The University of Electro-Communications (Japan)
	The characteristics of micro-mirror array plates (MMAPs) can be reproduced by computer graphics-based simulation using ray tracing with the appropriate modeling. To simulate MMAPs, we investigated appropriate modeling methods and evaluated the validity of the simulation by comparing the characteristics of the rendered images with the actual images.
FMC3-4L 14:00	Change in Position of Multiple Aerial Images by Use of Non-Parallel Infinity Mirror *Kazunari Chiba¹, Masaki Yasugi^1,2, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,2 1. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 2. JST ACCEL (Japan)
	By introducing an infinity mirror into AIRR (aerial imaging by retro-reflection), it is possible to form multiple aerial images from single light source. In this study, we report the change in the aerial imaging position when the mirrors are arranged non-parallel.

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FMC4: Display Optics, mLED, and Standardization

Dec. 11 14:40-16:10

Chair: Takao Tomono (TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.)
Co-Chair: Yasuyuki Inoue (Corning Japan K.K.)

FMC4-1 14:40	Characterization of non-planar light sources using near field goniometric measurement method *Kalil Kalantar¹, Tomonori Tashiro², Yasuki Yamauchi² 1. Global Optical Solutions (Japan), 2. Yamagata University (Japan)
	The metrology issues of non-planar light sources are studied using near field goniometric measurement method as a solution to depth-of-field issue. By means of the near field method, we have acquired the near field optical characteristics, and used to calculate the far field pattern by post processing.
FMC4-2 15:00	Patterned Glass Etching for Popping-Up Signage *Ikuya Saji¹, Masafumi Nakata², Yasuhiro Kashihara², Atsushi Hayashi², Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,3 1. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 2. NSC Co., Ltd. (Japan), 3. JST, ACCEL (Japan)
	We propose a new optical component for hygienic glass cover that shows popping-up signs. A low-cost and highly flexible design of Arc 3D was successfully achieved by a patterned glass etching method. A 3D display can be easily installed with only a single piece of glass and a light source.
FMC4-3 15:20	Measurement of Screen Position of an Aquatic Display *Daiki Kudo¹, Kazunari Chiba¹, Masaki Yasugi^1,2, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,2 1. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 2. JST,ACCEL (Japan)
	Aquatic display that forms an information screen in water has been realized by utilizing aerial imaging by retro-reflection (AIRR). In aerial display with AIRR, the formed image is plane-symmetrical of the source display. However, in aquatic display, refraction at the intersection changes the size and position, which we have measured.
FMC4-4L 15:40	Influence of Anisotropic Retro-Reflectors on Image Resolution of Aerial Image *Ryota Kakinuma¹, Norikazu Kawagishi^1,2, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,3 1. Utsunomiya Univ. (Japan), 2. Yazaki Corporation (Japan), 3. JST, ACCEL (Japan)
	Anisotropy of retro-reflection influences the resolution of the aerial image formed with AIRR. We quantitatively evaluate imaging resolution for three types of retroreflectors using modulation transfer function (MTF) based on slanted knife edge method. The results show the measured MTF curves depend on the placed direction of the retro-reflectors.
FMC4-5L 15:55	3,000 ppi Full-Color “Silicon Display” with Monolithic Micro-LED and Color Conversion Technology *Kei Urakawa¹, Hiroaki Onuma¹, Masumi Maegawa¹, Kentaro Kubota¹, Shotaro Oie¹, Daiki Hatakeyama¹, Shigeyuki Akase¹, Yuta Ikawa¹, Shinji Yamaguchi¹, Naoto Momotani¹, Kyohei Mikami¹, Yusuke Fujita¹, Hiroshi Yamashita¹, Toshiya Ishio¹, Shin Itoh¹, Narakazu Shimomura¹, Shinsuke Anzai¹, Hidenori Kawanishi¹ 1. Sharp Fukuyama Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. (Japan)
	3,000 ppi full-color “Silicon Display” has successfully been demonstrated based on monolithic micro-LED and Cd-free quantum dot (QD) color conversion technology. “Light-shielding wall (LSW)” is the key to prevent optical cross-talk. The demonstrator with 8.4um square pixel including RGB sub-pixels has shown wide color gamut exceeding 111% of sRGB.

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FMCp1: Mini/Micro LED

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

FMCp1-1	A Novel Strategy of Multi-layer Metal Electrode for Mini-LED Backlight Using 4-mask Process *Baolai Jiang¹, Junling Liu¹, Liangyi Cai¹, Zhiying Li¹, Qinzun Lin¹, Xianwang Wei¹, Yifeng Yang¹, Conglong Zhang¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. (China)
	Mini/Micro LED are highly desirable for next-generation consumer displays. However, the potential application of Mini/Micro LED are strongly hindered by their potential high-temperature damages after the LED surface mounting process. Herein, a new low-cost strategy for Mini-LED backlight with a 4-Mask process is reported, which used MoTi/Cu/MoTi 3-layer S/D electrodes structure to replace additional ITO layer. The electrical performance and bond strength of LED and chip on film(COF) of backlight system was comparable to those of 5-Mask Mini-LED backlight.
FMCp1-2	Study on Properties of Cu Barrier Materials in TFT devices *Xiaobo HU¹, Yuhao ZHAI¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. (China)
	Given the demand of stable performance, barrier materials are necessary for thin-film transistors (TFTs) to optimize the adhesion and atom diffusion of Cu layer. In this paper, we successfully demonstrate that the MoTiNi alloy (MTN) has great potential as Cu barrier layer. Notably, due to its excellent antioxidant property, MTN can also be used for bonding protection of novel displays, such as Mini-LED and Micro-LED.
FMCp1-3L	Designing Optically Isolated LED Arrays Embedded in Si Micro-cup Substrates *Kota Sato¹, Yusaku Iwata¹, Takeyoshi Onuma¹, Tomohiro Yamaguchi¹, Tohru Honda¹ 1. Kogakuin University (Japan)
	A 16 × 16 array micro-LED display was fabricated by using Si micro-cup substrates. Emission patten exhibited apparent reduction of lateral spread of light in case of the micro-LEDs embedded in the Si micro-cup. The micro-LEDs with the Si micro-cups were found to work as vivid pixels.

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FMCp2: Display Materials

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

FMCp2-1	Preparation of Patternable High Resolution and High Refractive Index Materials for AR/VR *Jiro Hikida¹, Hiroki Chisaka¹, Yoichiro Ijima¹, Yuehchun Liao¹, Kenri Konno¹, Isao Hirano¹, Kouichi Misumi¹, Dai Shiota¹, Katsumi Ohmori¹ 1. Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Japan)
	The patternable materials have been improved to be high transparency, high resolution, and adaptable for patterning with photolithography, ink-jet print and imprint. Moreover, combination of high refractive index materials and the patternable technologies led to wider applications for next generation of display industry, such as AR/VR and smart glasses.
FMCp2-2L	Improvement of Response Time and Dielectric Loss in Thick Dendrimer/Liquid-Crystal Composites for Microwave-band Phase Control Applications *Yoichi Murakami¹, Yosei Shibata¹, Hiroyasu Sato¹, Takahiro Ishinabe¹, Hiromi Matsuno², Yoshiaki Amano², Qiang Chen¹, Hideo Fujikake¹ 1. Tohoku University (Japan), 2. KDDI Research, Inc. (Japan)
	For realization of phase shifters using liquid crystal (LC), we evaluated fall response time and dielectric loss of dendrimer/LC components in microwave frequency. The fall response was improved and dielectric loss was reduced by adding self-assembled dendrimer.
FMCp2-3L	Photo-Luminescence Characteristics of Aligned Organic Fluorescent Dye in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Films for Photosynthesis Promotion *Ryo Tsunaki¹, Yosei Shibata¹, Takahiro Ishinabe¹, Hideo Fujikake¹ 1. Tohoku University (Japan)
	For photosynthesis promotion in the field of agriculture, we investigated fluorescence characteristics of solution-processed wavelength conversion films composed of liquid crystalline monomer and fluorescent coumarin dye. As the results, we have succeeded in controlling polarized emission and enhancement of photo-luminescence intensity in their films.
FMCp2-4L	Optical Design for Biological Experiments with Polarized-Stimulus by Use of Polarization-Coded 3D Display *Rina Kasuya¹, Shuhei Shibata¹, Masaki Yasugi^1,2, Yukitoshi Otani¹, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,2 1. Utsunomiya Univ. (Japan), 2. JST ACCEL (Japan)
	We propose an experimental system that can present the arbitrary state of polarization by changing the displayed image. In addition, this paper designs a device to keep the state of polarization while changing the viewpoint, based on the measurement results of polarization distribution and angle dependence of the display.

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FMCp3: Display Manufacturing

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

FMCp3-1	Influence of Hollow Cathode Gradient Diffuser in PE-CVD for SiO2 on Performance and Reliability of IGZO TFTs *Yuhao Zhai¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd (China)
	The hollow cathode gradient (HCG) diffuser has been testified to be advantageous for the preparation of high performance devicees by comparison with the normal hollow cathode effect(HCE) diffuser. The mobility of the device prepared under HCG diffuser condition is 11.3cm/V. PBTS and NBTIS results also showed good stability of the device.
FMCp3-2	Metal Barrier Design Enables Improving Contrast Ratio and Panel Yield for LCD Display *Jing LIU¹, Yao SUN¹, Li GUO¹, Huang-Zheng LIU¹, Zhi-wei TAN¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. (China)
	Theoretical and experimental characterizations reveal that the dark light leakage, which is induced by the curved corner at the cross of metal line, can be effectively weakened by decreasing the taper of metal line and increasing the length of barrier tail, finally contributing to 11.7% elevation of panel contrast ratio.
FMCp3-3	The analysis and improvement of Lens Mura on G8.5 TFT LCD *Wuguang Liu¹, Sheng Sun¹, Zhixiong Jiang¹, Meng Chen¹, Jubin Li¹, Woosung Son¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Company, Ltd (China)
	The Lens Mura's production mechanism was analyzed in detail, and an effective improvement method with low cost and strong practicability in the G8.5 TFT LCD production line was proposed. We increased HT thickness and lengthened ash time, the width of share TFT’s channel was increased, lens mura was less sensitive to process fluctuations, finally lens mura was improved.
FMCp3-4	Explanation of Mo Undercut and Cu Loss during LCD Panel Fabrication *Jing LIU¹, Huang-zheng LIU¹, Zhi-wei TAN¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. (China)
	The phenomenon of Mo undercut and Cu loss is generally discovered during the manufacturing process of LCD display, which could be explained by galvanic corrosion of Mo followed by crevice corrosion of Cu. If Mo is replaced with more antioxided and anticorrosive ones, the above problems can be fundamentally solved.
FMCp3-5	Boron ion implantation for resistance control technique of amorphous-InGaZnO film *Toshimasa Ui¹, Ryugo Fujimoto¹, Keisuke Yasuta¹, Daisuke Matsuo², Toshihiko Sakai², Yoshitaka Setoguchi², Eiji Takahashi², Yasunori Andoh², Junichi Tatemichi¹ 1. NISSIN ION EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. (Japan), 2. NISSIN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. (Japan)
	As a next-generation material, Amorphous-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) films were prepared by inductively coupled plasma sputtering. In order to further utilize a-IGZO films, boron ion implantations in the a-IGZO films and analyses were carried out. As a result, we obtain sheet resistance control techniques, which can be applied to a-IGZO device processing.
FMCp3-6	An Optimized Design for Improving LTPS LCD Blind-Hole’s PV Value *Qingwen Hu¹, Yuanyuan Zhong¹, Keshi Yang¹, Chao Deng¹, Xiai Xu¹, Zongzhui Liu¹, Jiamiao Kang¹, Xuexin Lan¹, Yanshan Huang¹, Guozhao Chen¹, Junyi Li¹ 1. Xiamen Tianma Microelectronics Co., Ltd (China)
	The key factor that influenced the force on blind hole from the mechanism is analyzed.By optimizing the design of the PS support in the blind hole area,the PV value can be greatly improved and the thickness of the substrate can be reduced,which greatly improved user's experience.
FMCp3-7	Improvement of the Surface Roughness of LTPS Thin Films with Additional Laser Irradiation *Fuminobu Hamano¹, Akira Mizutani¹, Kaname Imokawa¹, Daisuke Nakamura¹, Tetsuya Goto², Hiroshi Ikenoue¹ 1. Kyushu University (Japan), 2. Tohoku University (Japan)
	A well-known major problem in thin-film transistor (TFT) manufacturing is the protrusions that form on low-temperature polysilicon thin films after excimer laser annealing, which, in turn, induce gate leakage current in the TFTs. In this presentation, we report the use of additional laser irradiation to reduce the height of protrusions.
FMCp3-8	Development of Blackening Materials for Cu Wiring TFTs with H₂O₂ based etchant *Keita Umemoto¹, Daisuke Kaneko¹, Shin Okano¹, Yukiya Sugiuchi¹, Takeshi Ohtomo¹, Ichoro Shiono¹ 1. Mitsubishi Materials Corporation (Japan)
	We’ve developed blackening materials with high durability for TFTs wiring by using Nb based materials in IDW’19. However, the Nb based materials could not dissolve to H₂O₂ based etchant. In this paper, we improved the H₂O₂ etching properties of the blackening material remaining high durability.
FMCp3-9	High Reliable Integrated Gate Driver GOA Circuit using Four Mask a-Si TFT for Large Size UHD LCD TVs *An-thung Cho¹, Chao Wei¹, Yong Zhang¹, Yun-qin Hu¹, Jie Ding¹, James Hsu¹, Wade Chen¹ 1. HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. (China)
	Gate driving circuit (GOA) design is critical to reduce the production cost and narrow border TFT-LCD. The proposed GOA circuit has the optimized TFT W/L design and TFT stress reduction which enhances gate driver reliability for TV application. We developed 50UHD 120Hz TFT-LCD with GOA circuit using 4-mask a-Si TFT.
FMCp3-10L	Inductively Coupled Plasma Sputtering System for Oxide Semiconductors for a Large Area Deposition *Daisuke Matsuo¹, Takuya Ikeda¹, Shigeaki Kishida¹, Yoshitaka Setoguchi¹, Yasunori Andoh¹, Eiji Takahashi¹ 1. NISSIN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. (Japan)
	We have developed a Gen.4.5 size ICP sputtering system. The film density was close to the theoretical value and the in-plane uniformity was ± 1% or less. The thickness uniformity was ± 2.2%. By using the ICP sputtering system, both high film density and thickness uniformity could be achieved.

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Workshop on Inorganic Emissive Display and Phosphors

Dec. 9	13:20-14:10	PH1	Phosphors and devices 1
Dec. 9	15:00-16:15	PH2	Phosphors and devices 2
Dec. 10	14:40-15:40	OLED3/PH3	Phosphors & Devices
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	PHp1	Phosphors and devices

PH1: Phosphors and devices 1

Dec. 9 13:20-14:10

Chair: Kotoku Ohmi (Tottori Univ.)
Co-Chair: Takashi Kunimoto (Tokushima Bunri Univ.)

PH1-1 13:20	Invited Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Li Containing Nitride Phosphors *Takashi TAKEDA¹, Shiro FUNAHASHI¹, Naoto HIROSAKI¹ 1. National Institute for Materials Science (Japan)
	Some Li containing nitride and oxynitride phosphors have been reported to show interesting properties. Li can occupy independent crystallographic sites and contribute to a variety of crystal structures. Here we show interesting Li containing nitride phosphors discovered by the single particle diagnosis approach.
PH1-2 13:45	Invited Design of phosphors and color converters for laser-driven solid state lighting *Rong-Jun Xie¹ 1. Xiamen Univ. (China)
	Laser-driven solid state lighting, using laser diodes instead of light-emitting diodes as a primary source, are attracting attentions for super-brightness, compact and directional lighting. Under high power density excitation, phosphors are usually experienced luminance saturation, which making them hard to produce lighting devices with high lumen and luminous efficiency. To search for laser-driven phosphors is then a tough mission for this emerging lighting technology. In this report, we will present interesting nitride phosphors for laser-driven solid state lighting, and discuss their optical properties under blue laser irradiation.

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PH2: Phosphors and devices 2

Dec. 9 15:00-16:15

Chair: Rong-Jun Xie (Xiamen Univ.)
Co-Chair: Takayuki Hisamune (Mitubishi Chemical)

PH2-1 15:00	Invited Narrow-Band Emitters in LED Backlights for Liquid-Crystal Displays: Materials Design and Performance Optimization *Zhiguo Xia¹ 1. South China University of Technology (China)
	Our group contributed several recent interesting papers in the materials design and performance optimzation of the narrow-band phosphors for LCDs, and we will specially analyze the correlation of structureluminescence properties. I will summarize and compare the remarkable examples of outdated and new narrow-band luminescent materials as potential candidates in LED backlights, and the outlooks and challenges in discovering new narrow-band emitters will be also proposed.
PH2-2 15:25	Invited Nature of Shallow Electron Traps in Gd₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ Crystals Studied by Spectroscopy Experiments *Mamoru Kitaura¹ 1. Yamagata Univ. (Japan)
	Gd₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂:Ce (GAGG;Ce) shows persisitent phosphorescence. This feature is closely connected to the formation of shallow electron traps. In the present study, the nature of shallow electron traps in GAGG:Ce was investigated using various spectroscopy experiments.
PH2-3L 15:50	Invited Preparation and Luminescent Characteristics of UV-C Emitting ZnAl₂O₄ Phosphor for Sterilization Device *Hiroko Kominami¹, Naoki Sonoda¹, Kazuhiko Hara¹ 1. Shizuoka Univ. (Japan)
	ZnAl₂O₄UV emitting phosphor has been studied for next-generation UV emission device. We have been focused ZnAl₂O₄ powder and thin film for UV emitting phosphor to aim for sterilization devices because of the emission around 250 nm.

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OLED3/PH3: Phosphors & Devices
Special Topics of Interest on Quantum Dot Technologies

Dec. 10 14:40-15:40

Chair: Yoshimasa Sakai (Mitsubishi Chem.)
Co-Chair: Rong-Jun Xie (Xiamen Univ.)

OLED3/PH3-1 14:40	Invited High Efficiency and Durability from Perovskite–Organic Hybrid Light-Emitting Diodes *Toshinori Matsushima¹ 1. Kyusyu University (Japan)
	We show that triplet excitons are key to efficient emission in quasi-2D perovskite devices and that quenching of triplets by the organic cation is a major loss path. Employing an organic cation with a high triplet energy level in a quasi-2D perovskite yields efficient harvesting of triplets.
OLED3/PH3-2 15:00	Fabricating CsPbBr3@poly(methyl methacrylate) composite microspheres by direct thermal initiated polymerization *Cai Yuting¹, Rong-Jun Xie¹ 1. Xiamen University (China)
	In this manuscript, we report a facile synthesis of water-resistant CsPbBr₃ perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite microspheres (CsPbBr₃@PMMA). The method is based on the precipitation polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of CsPbBr₃ PQDs. The CsPbBr₃@PMMA microspheres show a tunable size and a narrow size distribution, with the CsPbBr₃ PQDs being uniformly dispersed in the PMMA microspheres. The effective incorporation of PQDs is attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Pb ions on the surface of PQDs and carbonyl groups (C=O) from PMMA. Protected by the PMMA microspheres, the imbedded CsPbBr₃ PQDs show improved water resistance and storage stability. Further, a wide-color-gamut (129%) white light-emitting diode (LED) was demonstrated by combining the green-emitting CsPbBr₃@PMMA composite microspheres and red-emitting K₂SiF₆: Mn⁴⁺ with a blue LED, which enables to be used as backlights for liquid crystal displays.
OLED3/PH3-3L 15:20	Invited The Latest Development in High-Efficiency Heavy-Metal-Free QDEL *Daekyoung Kim¹, Christian Ippen¹, Benjamin Newmeyer¹, Diego Barrera¹, Jeff DaRos¹, Charlie Hotz¹, Ruiqing Ma¹ 1. Nanosys, Inc. (United States of America)
	Electroluminescent QDEL devices with heavy metal free InP and ZnTeSe quantum dots are one of the most promising future display technologies. Here we report improved efficiency of 19.6%, 17.6%, and 12.7% for red, green, and blue QDEL devices, respectively. The blue QDEL devices exhibit true blue emission with peak wavelength of 453 nm.

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PHp1: Phosphors and devices

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

PHp1-1	Emission Color Shift From Yellow to Red in Ca₆BaP₄O₁₇:Eu²⁺ *Masato Iwaki¹, Kazuyoshi Uematsu¹, Mineo Sato¹, Kenji Toda¹ 1. Niigata University (Japan)
	We successfully obtained Eu²⁺-activated Ca₆BaP₄O₁₇ phosphors via the solid state reaction. With increasing the content of the Eu²⁺ion, the emission peak shift from 550 nm to 610 nm. The Rietveld refinement shows that the Eu²⁺ ion preferentially occupies CaO₇ and CaO₈ sites in the host.
PHp1-2	Highly Stable Quantum Rod White LED with Optimal Luminous Efficacy and Color Performance *Chengbin Kang¹, Maksym F. Prodanov¹, Swadesh K. Gupta¹, Valerii V. Vashchenko¹, Abhishek K. Srivastava¹ 1. HKUST (Hong Kong)
	Quantum rods (QRs) have shown great potential for modern displays owing to their polarized emission and high light coupling coefficients. Here we have synthesized quantum rods of configuration CdSe/ZnxCd1-xS, which show significantly better temperature stability in comparison to the conventional Cd based QRs. Additionally, the Cd concentration was reduced, which make it more environment-friendly QRs. Unlike general lighting applications, LCD uses the RGB color filter to reproduce color images, which requires QRs with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) for better color saturation. The proposed approach offers an ability to precisely tune the emission wavelength and maintain the narrow FWHM for the QRs. The fabricated QRs LED backlight shows the color triangle 118% NTSC color standards. The efficacy of designed QRLED is 90lm/W@(10mA). This work opens up the new avenues of the high-efficiency high color performance for next-generation LED backlight.
PHp1-3L	Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence Intensity in Y₄Si₂O₇N₂:Eu³⁺ Red Phosphors Synthesized in NH₃ Atmosphere *Ken Kinoshita¹, Misa Kawashima¹, Rentaro Furuie¹, Tadashi Ishigaki¹, Takashi Kunimoto², Koutoku Ohmi¹ 1. Tottori Univ. (Japan), 2. Tokushima Bunri Univ. (Japan)
	The charge transfer state (CTS) energy of Y₄Si₂O₇N₂:Eu³⁺ phosphor was 3.61 eV which is almost the same as that of La₂O₂S:Eu³⁺. The activation energy from the CTS to 4f ground state is 0.24 eV The results suggest that Y₄Si₂O₇N₂:Eu³⁺ has several non-radiative transitions, due to crystal defects.
PHp1-4L	Mn⁵⁺ Activated M₂GeO₄(M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Near-infrared Phosphors *Shoto Tanaka¹, Tadashi Ishigaki¹, Yutaro Zaima¹, Kouhei Matsubara¹, Yudai Nitta¹, Koutoku Ohmi¹ 1. Tottori Univ. (Japan)
	M2GeO4:Mn5+(M = Ca, Sr, Ba) phosphors have been synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The strongest PL intensity under 600 nm excitation is observed from the Ca2GeO4 host. Its PL integrated intensity is stronger by 6.7 times than that of the Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2:Mn5+ nanoparticle phosphor synthesized by liquid-phase reaction method.

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Workshop on OLED Displays and Related Technologies

Dec. 10	9:00-10:15	OLED1	OLED Display & Devices
Dec. 10	13:00-14:00	OLED2	QD Material & Devices
Dec. 10	14:40-15:40	OLED3/PH3	Phosphors & Devices
Dec. 11	13:00-13:55	OLED4	OLED Material
Dec. 11	14:40-15:55	OLED5	OLED Analysis & Mechanism
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	OLEDp1	OLED poster
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	OLEDp2	OLED/QDT poster

OLED1: OLED Display & Devices

Dec. 10 9:00-10:15

Chair: Taishi Tsuji (Nippon Steel Chem. & Material)
Co-Chair: Masaya Adachi (Japan Display)

OLED1-1 9:00	Invited Development of OLED Device Technologies with High-luminance, Long-lifetime and Wide-color gamut *Shigeru Mori¹, Keita Hamada¹, Masamichi Shimoda¹, Jiro Yanase¹, Yojiro Matsueda¹, Hiroshi Tanabe¹ 1. Tianma Japan, Ltd. (Japan)
	We developed technology that improves the lifetime of blue OLEDs at high temperature. We also improved the lifetime of green OLEDs for a wide color gamut by optimizing the carrier balance. The developed blue and green OLEDs were implemented in a 4.2-inch OLED display with a wide color gamut.
OLED1-2 9:20	Ultra-thin White Organic Light Emitting Diodes on Silicon(OLEDoS) for Low Driving Voltage with High Color Stability *Yong Woo Kwon¹, Myungchan An¹, Hyeong Woo Bae¹ 1. Gumi Electronics & Information Technology Research Institute (GERI) (Korea)
	Herein, we report white organic light emitting diodes on silicon (OLEDoS) devices with ultra-thin charge generation units (CGUs) of 10 nm thickness for augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications. In device performance, it showed low driving voltage of 6.2 V at 2,000 cd/m² and maximum luminance of 50,015 cd/m² at 10.0 V. Maximum current efficiency of 20.0 cd/A was achieved. It also showed high color stability of (0.155±0.001, 0.492±0.007) from 500 cd/m² to 2,000 cd/m² in Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) 1976 color space.
OLED1-3 9:40	Mechanisms of Initial Luminance Loss in Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Unveiled by Time-Resolved Spectroscopies *DUY Cong Le¹, Duong Dai Nguyen¹, Toshi-kazu Suzuki¹, Hideyuki Murata¹ 1. Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (Japan)
	Time-resolved electroluminescence (EL) of Alq₃-based OLEDs revealed that delayed EL emission via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). We found that the initial luminescence loss of the OLED is caused by quenching of not only singlet but also triplet excitons. Triplet quenching by trapped positive charges decreases in singlet excitons created via TTA.
OLED1-4L 10:00	Improvement of Performance and Color Stability of Solution-Processed OLED by Controlling Recombination Zone *Thi Na Le¹, Min Chul Suh¹ 1. Kyunghee University (Korea)
	The recombination region is found on the hole transport layer/emitting layer side when using a relatively high electron mobility host material. By the way, in this case, the electroluminescence spectrum becomes broader as the driving voltage increases. High field-dependence for electron mobility of host material and electric field-induced quenching of excited state would be responsible for a color instability. On the contrary, the well-designed device utilizing host material with high hole mobility resulted in well-controlled recombination zone which is far away from the critical interface mixing zone. With this device, we obtain improved performance as well as much improved color stability.

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OLED2: QD Material & Devices
Special Topics of Interest on Quantum Dot Technologies

Dec. 10 13:00-14:00

Chair: Toshiaki Ikuta (JNC)
Co-Chair: Yasunori Kijima (Huawei Techs. Japan)

OLED2-1 13:00	Invited Development of Efficient Blue Cadmium-Free Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes *Tatsuya Ryowa¹, Yusuke Sakakibara¹, Keisuke Kitano¹, Masaya Ueda¹, Makoto Izumi¹, Yuko Ogura², Masanori Tanaka², Soichiro Nikata², Mayuko Watanabe², Mikihiro Takasaki², Tetsuji Itoh², Akiharu Miyanaga² 1. Sharp Corporation (Japan), 2. NS Materials Inc. (Japan)
	This paper reports the efficient blue cadmium-free quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LED). The blue cadmium-free QD-LED with well optimized structure exhibits high EQE. These new QDs have great potential to be used in next generation QD-LED display with wide colour gamut.
OLED2-2 13:20	Green Electroluminescence Generated by Band-edge Transition in Ag–In–Ga–S/GaS_x Core/shell Quantum Dots *Genichi Motomura¹, Yukiko Iwasaki¹, Tatsuya Kameyama², Tsukasa Torimoto², Taro Uematsu³, Susumu Kuwabata³, Toshimitsu Tsuzuki¹ 1. Japan Broadcasting Cooporation (NHK) (Japan), 2. Nagoya University (Japan), 3. Osaka University (Japan)
	Quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that exhibit vivid green emission were fabricated using Ag−In−Ga−S/GaS_x core/shell QDs. For these QD-LEDs, the broad defect emission in electroluminescence was larger than that in photoluminescence. The addition of an electron transporting material to the emitting layer effectively suppressed the defect emission.
OLED2-3 13:40	Efficient InP-based Quantum Dot Light-emitting Diodes Using an Emitting Layer Combined with Organic Electron-transporting Materials *Yukiko Iwasaki¹, Genichi Motomura¹, Toshimitsu Tsuzuki¹ 1. NHK (Japan)
	We report quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) whose emitting layers are composed of InP-based QDs and an organic electron-transporting material (ETM). We demonstrated green QD-LEDs with a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 10% and a low driving voltage. In addition, the origin of the high performance was investigated.

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OLED3/PH3: Phosphors & Devices
Special Topics of Interest on Quantum Dot Technologies

Dec. 10 14:40-15:40

Chair: Yoshimasa Sakai (Mitsubishi Chem.)
Co-Chair: Rong-Jun Xie (Xiamen Univ.)

OLED3/PH3-1 14:40	Invited High Efficiency and Durability from Perovskite–Organic Hybrid Light-Emitting Diodes *Toshinori Matsushima¹ 1. Kyusyu University (Japan)
	We show that triplet excitons are key to efficient emission in quasi-2D perovskite devices and that quenching of triplets by the organic cation is a major loss path. Employing an organic cation with a high triplet energy level in a quasi-2D perovskite yields efficient harvesting of triplets.
OLED3/PH3-2 15:00	Fabricating CsPbBr3@poly(methyl methacrylate) composite microspheres by direct thermal initiated polymerization *Cai Yuting¹, Rong-Jun Xie¹ 1. Xiamen University (China)
	In this manuscript, we report a facile synthesis of water-resistant CsPbBr₃ perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite microspheres (CsPbBr₃@PMMA). The method is based on the precipitation polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of CsPbBr₃ PQDs. The CsPbBr₃@PMMA microspheres show a tunable size and a narrow size distribution, with the CsPbBr₃ PQDs being uniformly dispersed in the PMMA microspheres. The effective incorporation of PQDs is attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Pb ions on the surface of PQDs and carbonyl groups (C=O) from PMMA. Protected by the PMMA microspheres, the imbedded CsPbBr₃ PQDs show improved water resistance and storage stability. Further, a wide-color-gamut (129%) white light-emitting diode (LED) was demonstrated by combining the green-emitting CsPbBr₃@PMMA composite microspheres and red-emitting K₂SiF₆: Mn⁴⁺ with a blue LED, which enables to be used as backlights for liquid crystal displays.
OLED3/PH3-3L 15:20	Invited The Latest Development in High-Efficiency Heavy-Metal-Free QDEL *Daekyoung Kim¹, Christian Ippen¹, Benjamin Newmeyer¹, Diego Barrera¹, Jeff DaRos¹, Charlie Hotz¹, Ruiqing Ma¹ 1. Nanosys, Inc. (United States of America)
	Electroluminescent QDEL devices with heavy metal free InP and ZnTeSe quantum dots are one of the most promising future display technologies. Here we report improved efficiency of 19.6%, 17.6%, and 12.7% for red, green, and blue QDEL devices, respectively. The blue QDEL devices exhibit true blue emission with peak wavelength of 453 nm.

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OLED4: OLED Material

Dec. 11 13:00-13:55

Chair: Kengo Kishino (Idemitsu Kosan)
Co-Chair: Ken-ichi Nakayama (Osaka Univ.)

OLED4-1 13:00	Invited Multiple Resonance Effect-Based Narrowband TADF Emitters *Takuji Hatakeyama¹, Yasuihiro Kondo², Kazuki Yoshiura¹, Sayuri Kitera¹, Hiroki Nishi¹, Susumu Oda¹, Hajime Gotoh¹, Yasuyuki Sasada², Motoki Yanai² 1. Kwansei Gakuin University (Japan), 2. JNC Petrochemical Corporation (Japan)
	A thermally activated delayed-fluorescence material that exhibits an ultrapure blue emission were synthesized. The emitter consists of five benzene rings connected by two boron and four nitrogen atoms and two diphenylamino substituents. The multiple resonance effect of the boron and nitrogen atoms realizes narrowband emission and fast reverse intersystem crossing.
OLED4-2 13:20	Invited Commercialization of Hyperfluorescence; A game changing technology of OLED *Junji Adachi¹, Ayataka Endo¹, Hayato Kakizoe¹, Takahito Oyamada¹ 1. Kyulux, Inc. (Japan)
	Hyperfluorescence(TM) (HF) combines TADF and fluorescence to provide narrow emission spectrum with four times higher emission efficiency than fluorescence. TADF generates excitons and transfers excitons to fluorescence. HF achieved long enough lifetime for AMOLED not only by durable molecules but also by controlling charge balances in Emissive Layer.
OLED4-3L 13:40	Elastomeric composition for intrinsically stretchable organic light emitting diodes *Shim Young Jae¹, Ha Hye In¹, Suh Min Chul¹ 1. Kyung Hee University (Korea)
	In order to manufacture intrinsically stretchable organic light emitting diodes, the surface energy of the mixed composition containing elastomers was analyzed as a highly efficient stretchable emitting layer (EML), and the performances of the devices were compared when elastomers and EML materials were mixed.

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OLED5: OLED Analysis & Mechanism

Dec. 11 14:40-15:55

Chair: Takahisa Shimizu (NHK)
Co-Chair: Yutaka Noguchi (Meiji Univ.)

OLED5-1 14:40	Invited Operando Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of High-Efficiency OLEDs for Probing the Charge Carrier Activity *Takayuki Miyamae¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan)
	Buried organic layers in OLEDs during operation have been investigated using electric-field-induced doubly-resonant sum-frequency generation (EFI-DR-SFG). DC electric field leads to a significant increase in the SFG intensity produced by the charged carriers. We also report the time-resolved EFI-SFG technique, which allows us to observe the carrier transportation non-destructively.
OLED5-2 15:00	Invited Detailed Analysis of Emitting Processes of Emitters for OLED using Time-resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy *Ken Onda¹, Masaki Saigo¹, Yuushi Shimoda¹, Kiyoshi Miyata¹ 1. Kyushu University (Japan)
	We investigated the light emitting processes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for OLED in terms of structural dynamics using time-resolved infrared vibrational spectroscopy. As a result, we found the strong correlation between TADF activity and structural change upon intersystem crossing.
OLED5-3 15:20	Analysis of Deteriorated Species of ETL Generated with Metal Electrode Deposition by Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry *Naoki Muraki¹, Hikaru Takano¹, Tsuyoshi Akiyama¹, Takahiro Shibamori¹ 1. Toray Research Center, Inc. (Japan)
	The chemical species formed on the ELT caused by the electrode deposition are analyzed by liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) nano ESI-Orbitrap MS. N-oxygenated and N-hydrogenated molecules of 8-hydroxyquinoline and Alq₃ with a wide range of N values and generation of several decomposition components on TPBi are detected and characterized.
OLED5-4L 15:40	Emission Zone Measurement Gives Insight into the Suitability of Accelerated Aging Extrapolation *Rossa Mac Ciarnain¹, Hin Wai Mo^3,4, Kaori Nagayoshi³, Hiroshi Fujimoto^3,4, Kentaro Harada^3,4, Tung Huei Ke², Paul Heremans^1,2, Chihaya Adachi^3,4 1. KU Leuven (Belgium), 2. IMEC (Belgium), 3. i3 OPERA (Japan), 4. OPERA (Japan)
	Accelerated OLED ageing at higher current densities is commonly used to extrapolate lower current density device lifetime benchmarks. Different emission zones and device ageing were measured at different current densities giving more insight into the suitability of such accelerated ageing assumptions.

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OLEDp1: OLED poster

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

OLEDp1-1	Influence of Co-solvent Solutions on Ink Filling and Fabrication of High-resolution OLED via Sublimation Transfer Process *Jun Yeub Lee^1,2, Young Joon Han^1,2, Byeong-Kwon Ju¹, Kwan Hyun Cho² 1. Korea University (Korea), 2. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (Korea)
	We studied the effect of the co-solvent solutions on the ink filling onto the donor substrate and sublimation transfer process. The co-solvented ink properties are closely related to the ink filling. The co-solvented ink prepared with chlorobenzene, ortho-dichlorobenzene, and chloroform mixture. The ink filling and sublimation transfer process with co-solvented ink has successfully optimized.

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OLEDp2: OLED/QDT poster
Special Topics of Interest on Quantum Dot Technologies

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

OLEDp2-1	Investigation Ink-jet Printed Quantum-dot Light-emitting Diodes Lifetime Properties by IPL Post-treatment of ZnO NPs Electron Transport Layer *Young Joon Han¹, Kyung-Tae Kang¹, Kwan Hyun Cho¹ 1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) (Korea)
	By applying intense-pulsed light (IPL) post-treatment to zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to stabilize the hole-electron injection within the quantum-dot emission layer (QD EML) of ink-jet printed quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), the device lifetime properties have been remarkably improved.
OLEDp2-2	Inkjet Printed Blue-to-Green Color Conversion Layer Formation by OTS Treatment for QD-OLED Fabrication *Kwan Hyun Cho¹, Young Joon Han¹, Kwan Hyun Cho¹ 1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (Korea)
	Quantum dot (QD) color conversion layer needs to be few micrometers thickness to successfully block the blue light. We fabricated green QD color conversion layer with diverse thicknesses through inkjet printing by controlling surface wettability by octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treatment.
OLEDp2-3L	Analysis of Various Solvent Effects to Quantum Dots for Bilayer Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes *JaeIn Yoo¹, Suk-Ho Song¹, Jae-Peel Jung¹, Zhang Yi¹, Sung-Jae Park¹, Sang Soo Kim¹, Jang-Kun Song¹ 1. sungkyunkwan university (Korea)
	Bilayer color-tunable quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LED) are required color modulation layer (CML) between two QD emission layers (EMLs). In this research, various organic solvents for CML are evaluated. Chlorobenzene showed minimum damage on the QD layer, consistent device performance, and wide color-tuning range.
OLEDp2-4L	Investigation of the Inverted ZnCuInS/ZnS Based Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with the Sputtered ZnO Film Layers *Mohammad Mostafizur Rahman Biswas¹, Hiroyuki Okada¹ 1. University of Toyama (Japan)
	The performance of the fabricated QLED was measured, using the sputtered ZnO film. The thickness of the ZnO film was varied to control the electron mobility. Consequently, the maximum current efficiency of 3.96 cd/A, and EQE 2.13% was achieved for the commercially available ZnCuInS/ZnS based QLEDs at yellow emission.
OLEDp2-5L	Effect of Charge Generation Barrier Height for Field-Polarity Dependent Color-Tunable Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes *Suk-Ho Song¹, Sung-Jae Park¹, Jae-In Yoo¹, Sang Soo Kim¹, Jang-Kun Song¹ 1. Sungkyunkwan University (Korea)
	We demonstrate a hole-only driven color-tunable tandem QD-LED. The device restrains electron injection from the electrodes but generates electrons from the charge generation layer, resulting the field-polarity controlled color emission. We verify the effect of the charge generation barrier which affects the turn-on voltage and the efficiency of the device.
OLEDp2-6L	Double EML color-tunable Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by PCBM Doping at QD *Sung-Jae Park¹, Suk-Ho Song¹, Jae-In Yoo¹, Jang-Kun Song¹ 1. Sungkyunkwan University (Korea)
	This study is to propose a QD-LED device that can control the distribution of electrons and holes through the doping of other materials on the QD and modulate the color by the applied voltage of the device. In this study, the presented QD-LED device was coated with EML emitting different colors on the same device and doped with PCBM to control the holes distributed in the green QD. Three characteristics that vary depending on the concentration of PCBM doping were analyzed, and a color-tunable device capable of controlling the emission color and color range was fabricated.

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Workshop on 3D/Hyper-Realistic Displays and Systems

Dec. 10	10:40-11:55	3D1	Light Field 1
Dec. 11	10:40-12:00	3D2	Novel Display Systems
Dec. 11	13:00-14:20	3D3	Light Field 2
Dec. 11	14:40-16:00	3D4	Holography
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	3Dp1	3D/Hyper-Realistic Display Systems

3D1: Light Field 1
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 10 10:40-11:55

Chair: Hirotsugu Yamamoto (Utsunomiya Univ.)
Co-Chair: Masaru Tsuchida (NTT)

3D1-1 10:40	Invited Displaying Light Fields from Various Input Modalities *Keita Takahashi¹ 1. Nagoya University (Japan)
	This paper summarizes our recent works on displaying dense light fields from real scenes on a light-field display. We developed processing workflows for various input modalities, including multi-view cameras, plenoptic cameras, focal stacks, and coded-aperture cameras. We also indicate a direction toward a unified framework for various modalities.
3D1-2 11:00	Wide Viewing Zone and High-Resolution Autostereoscopic Display with Smooth Motion Parallax Using Crosstalk between Two Viewpoint Images in One Eye *Sho Shibuya¹, Yukiya Yamaguchi¹, Rintaro Kubo¹, Goro Hamagishi¹, Kayo Yoshimoto¹, Hideya Takahashi¹ 1. Osaka City University (Japan)
	We propose a high-resolution multi-view display based on an autostereoscopic display that switches and displays viewpoint images according to the viewer’s position. Smooth motion parallax is realized by combining adjacent viewpoint images for each eye effectively. This proposed method overcomes the disadvantage that the autostereoscopic display has no motion parallax.
3D1-3 11:20	Image Quality Improvement of Glasses-Free 3D Display Using Parallax Barrier with Eye Tracking System to Expand Viewing Zone in All Directions *Shion Kanemaru¹, Yukiya Yamaguchi¹, Rintaro Kubo¹, Goro Hamagishi¹, Kayo Yoshimoto¹, Hideya Takahashi¹ 1. Osaka City University (Japan)
	When we expand the viewing zone of glasses-free 3D Display, it is effective to divide screen into multiple areas, and control them optimally. While, lines that cause uncomfortable viewing occur on all boundaries of the divided areas. We propose to make the lines invisible by the image processing.
3D1-4L 11:40	Crosstalk Reduction for Parallax Barrier Stereoscopic Display Based on High-speed Viewpoint Tracking and Projection *Cheng Luo¹, Takashi Nomoto¹, Hao-Lun Peng¹, Yoshihiro Watanabe¹ 1. Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan)
	We propose a parallax barrier stereoscopic display based on a high-speed viewpoint tracking and projection to reduce the crosstalk. We also employ a pixelwise image warping method to improve the allowable maximum speed of viewpoint movement without any crosstalk. The developed system can achieve the frame rate of 500 fps and latency of 7-8 ms. This performance reduced the crosstalk drastically even when the viewpoint movement speed was roughly 2 m/s.

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3D2: Novel Display Systems
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 11 10:40-12:00

Chair: Keita Takahashi (Nagoya Univ.)
Co-Chair: Takashi Kakue (Chiba Univ.)

3D2-1 10:40	Invited Recent Developments and Applications of Aerial Display *Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,2,3,4 1. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 2. JST, ACCEL (Japan), 3. Tokushima University (Japan), 4. JEITA (Japan)
	This paper introduces our developments on aerial display. Aerial imaging by retro-reflection (AIRR) features large-size scalability, wide viewing angle, and high-freedom in design. We have developed an omni-directional aerial display, a see-through aerial display, and a thin aerial display. Furthermore, AIRR have been utilized for aquatic display.
3D2-2 11:00	Invited Augmented Reality Displays Based on 3D Gaze Sensing *Sei Ikeda¹ 1. Osaka University (Japan)
	This paper presents several display systems for augmented reality (AR) developed by the author’s group. All of them are based on sensing the three-dimensional position of user’s gaze (3D gaze), and they are AR user interfaces that provide some benefit to the user without the user's intention to operate the systems. In particular, we focused on the depth of a user's gaze for (1) presenting a more realistic representation of depth of focus, and (2) gaze-driven AR x-ray vision to make real objects semi-transparent and show the hidden parts. Additionally, an application example for an in-vehicle AR display is shown as a situation where such technology will be necessary or important in the near future.
3D2-3 11:20	Distant Aerial Image Presentation Using Two Separate Rays of Binocular Parallax Images *Yuri Mikawa¹, Masahiro Fujiwara¹, Hiroyuki Shinoda¹ 1. The University of Tokyo (Japan)
	Aerial imaging displays attract considerable interest. However, their use is hindered by limited presentation area just in front of the optical element. We propose a method for presentation of aerial images at a distance using binocular parallax images formed by two collimated light rays and seen by each eye separately.
3D2-4 11:40	Development of Simulator Software for Aided Design of Laminated Type Medical Volumetric Display *Leran Du¹, Ryutaro Okamoto², Shinsuke Akita¹, Yuichiro Yoshimura¹, Toshiya Nakaguchi¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan), 2. TEIDEC, Ltd (Japan)
	Intuitive understanding of human body structure in three dimensions is important for medical education, etc. In this research, we report the development of the software simulator for display design of volumetric display. A virtual display of volumetric display was created, and an environment for optimally evaluating display operations was constructed.

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3D3: Light Field 2

Dec. 11 13:00-14:20

Chair: Haruki Mizushina (Tokushima Univ.)
Co-Chair: Sei Ikeda (Osaka Univ.)

3D3-1 13:00	Invited Depth Perception for Reproduced Images in Integral Photography *Sumio Yano^1,2 1. Shimane University (Japan), 2. RITECS Inc. (Japan)
	Integral photography was generated from multi-view stereoscopic images. The prototype equipment was used to evaluate the linearity of the reproduced depth distance and the accommodation response. As a result, we found that the reproduced depth distance is linear and there is no conflict between convergence and accommodation.
3D3-2 13:20	A Super-Multiview Display by Time Division and Color Multiplexing with Achromatic Lenses *Yuta Watanabe¹, Hideki Kakeya¹ 1. University of Tsukuba (Japan)
	We measure the effect of achromatic lenses in place of conventional lenses to make dense light field based on time-division and color multiplexing. We confirm that the viewpoints corresponding different colors are aligned in order and the quality of observed image is improved by using achromatic lenses.
3D3-3 13:40	Realization of Time-Division Multiplexing Parallax Barrier Using a Lenticular Lens *Hayato Mitomi¹, Hideki Kakeya¹ 1. University of Tsukuba (Japan)
	In this paper, we propose a time-division multiplexing parallax barrier system using a lenticular lens, which improves light efficiency. The lenticular lens generates a fine striped pattern to be used for the parallax barrier. The basic principle of the proposed method is tested with a prototype system.
3D3-4 14:00	An Autostereoscopic Display with Time-Multiplexed Directional Backlight Using a Novel Linear Fresnel Lens Array *Garimagai Borjigin¹, Hideki Kakeya¹ 1. University of Tsukuba (Japan)
	We propose an autostereoscopic display with a directional backlight unit using a novel linear Fresnel lens array. In the proposed system, stereoscopy is maintained even when the observer tilts his head by applying the proposed backlight unit.

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3D4: Holography

Dec. 11 14:40-16:00

Chair: Sumio Yano (Shimane Univ.)
Co-Chair: Hisayuki Sasaki (NHK)

3D4-1 14:40	Invited Development of Hologram Acquisition system for Holographic Media Service *Joongki Park¹, Kihong Choi¹, Keehoon Hong¹ 1. ETRI (Korea)
	The hologram media service, including the direct acquisition, real-tim processing, transfer, and displaying system, needs to be developed intensively as a futuristic immersive broadcasting system.Among them, the direct acquisition of natural light scene hologram is presented in this abstract.
3D4-2 15:00	Invited Interactive Holographic Display System Using Motion Sensor *Takashi Kakue¹, Mikito Takenaka¹, Tomoyoshi Shimobaba¹, Tomoyoshi Ito¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan)
	We present the real-time three-dimensional display system based on electronic holography. The system uses a motion sensor to detect the finger gesture and the motion of the observer. By switching hologram patterns according to the gesture and motion, we realize the interactive holographic display system.
3D4-3 15:20	Distortion analysis in Holographic optical elements Beom-Ryeol Lee¹, Hyoung Lee², *Jung-Young Son², Tetiana Venkel³, Wookho Son¹ 1. ETRI (Korea), 2. Konyang University (Korea), 3. Chernivtsi University (Ukraine)
	The distortions in digital and analogue HOEs are estimated with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The characteristics are compared graphically based on Zernike polynomial.
3D4-4 15:40	Wide-Viewing Zone Electro-Holography System by Using Switching of Reconstruction Light *Naruto Fujimori¹, Yuji Sakamoto¹ 1. Hokkaido University (Japan)
	To solve the problem of narrow viewing field of electro-holography, we propose a design method of wide-viewing zone optical system that shifts the viewing zone with the movement of the observer. This optical system can be operated electronically without the need for special mechanical systems.

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3Dp1: 3D/Hyper-Realistic Display Systems
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

3Dp1-1	Double Scanning Technique to Increase Brightness of Holographic Images Generated by Pulse-Modulated MEMS SLM *Toshihiro Uruma¹, Yasuhiro Takaki¹ 1. Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (Japan)
	The pulse-modulated MEMS SLM enables holographic displays with a wide viewing zone without the pixel pitchreduction. The viewing zone is scanned by controlling the timing of pulses illuminating the MEMS SLM. In this study, the light intensity of reconstructed images is doubled using the symmetric two-pulse illumination.
3Dp1-2	Synthesis of Holographic 3D Content based on Deep Learning MinSung Yoon¹, *Hyeonji Kim¹, HwaSeon Yeo¹ 1. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Korea)
	After extracting depth-map from colour images using a deep learning, we demonstrate 3D content with all directions of 360 degrees is applicable to holographic display. For obtaining holographic 3D content, CGHs are synthesized through FFT algorithm from sets of colour & depth-map, and are encoded by Lee's scheme for amplitude-modulator.
3Dp1-3L	High-Speed 3-D Video Playback for Spatiotemporal Division Electroholography Using Single SSD and Single DMD *Kohei Suzuki¹, Minori Tao¹, Yuki Maeda¹, Hirotaka Nakayama², Minoru Oikawa¹, Yuichiro Mori¹, Takashi Kakue³, Tomoyoshi Shimobaba³, Tomoyoshi Ito³, Naoki Takada¹ 1. Kochi University (Japan), 2. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (Japan), 3. Chiba University (Japan)
	We report high-speed 3-D holographic video playback including the reproduction of computer-generated holograms from the compression data stored in a single solid state drive with operating system. We succeeded in high quality 3-D video playback for the 3-D object comprising 1,064,462 points at 60 fps using spatiotemporal division electroholography.
3Dp1-4	Evaluation of Linear Blending between view images and Depth Perception by Monocular Motion Parallax in Visually Equivalent Light Field 3D display *Ren Kamada¹, Haruki Mizushina¹, Munekazu Date², Shinya Shimizu², Susumu Yamamoto², Shiro Suyama¹ 1. Tokushima University (Japan), 2. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp (Japan)
	We have achieved linear blending of adjacent view-image luminances and appropriate monocular perceived depth by smooth motion parallax in a Visually Equivalent Light Field 3D display. Multi-view images at several positions are confirmed to have almost linear luminance change by horizontal position change. Smooth motion parallax with a single eye provides almost the same monocular perceived depths as designed depths.
3Dp1-5	Improvement of Perceived Depth in Binocular Stereopsis with Different Sizes of Stereoscopic Images by Using Motion Parallax *Yusuke Fukuta¹, Shiro Suyama¹, Haruki Mizushina¹ 1. Tokushima University (Japan)
	Instability of perceived depth by binocular disparity due to different stereoscopic-image sizes can be improved by motion parallax. Perceived depth by binocular disparity without motion parallax is degraded as image size difference increased. When motion parallax is contradictory with binocular disparity, perceived depths are widely degraded regardless of image size difference.
3Dp1-6	Perceived inclined Angle Change in Our Proposed Pseudo 3D Display by Using Perspective Effect by Changing Observation Angle and Viewing Distance *Toyotaka Tamura¹, Haruki Mizushina¹, Shiro Suyama¹ 1. University of Tokushima (Japan)
	We have proposed a pseudo 3D display using perspective effect of the pictorial cues by projecting 2D images to real slanted surfaces from observer position. Large perceived inclined angle of a letter “T” around 80 degrees on the ceiling can be successfully achieved by increasing viewing distance to 3 m. Perceived inclined angles remain high at vertical observation angle under 30 degrees and horizontal observation angles under 4.4 degrees.
3Dp1-7L	Development of Spoken Language Identification System Using Directional Volumetric Display *Mitsuru Baba¹, Naoto Hoshikawa², Hirotaka Nakayama³, Tomoyoshi Ito¹, Atsushi Shiraki¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan), 2. National Institute of Technology, Oyama College (Japan), 3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (Japan)
	In this study, we develop the spoken language identification system by a directional volumetric display. We proposed the identification model using CNN for four languages, English, French, German, and Spanish. The identification accuracy was 93.4%, and became possible to display an image in the observer's direction.
3Dp1-8L	Development of A Directional Volumetric Display for High Resolution Using Water Drops *Tomoya Imamura¹, Naoto Hoshikawa², Hirotaka Nakayama³, Tomoyoshi Ito¹, Atsushi Shiraki¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan), 2. Oyama College (Japan), 3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (Japan)
	In this study, we attempted to develop a directional volumetric display that does not require the manual attachment of projection media for high resolution. As a result, we developed the directional volumetric display using a projector and water drops through holes made in a plate by a laser beam machine.
3Dp1-9L	Depth Perception of Multiplication-Type Multi-Layer Display by Binocular and Motion Parallaxes *Munekazu Date¹, Shinya Shimizu¹, Susumu Yamamoto¹ 1. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (Japan)
	The depth perception of multiplication-type depth fused 3D displays was clarified using calculations. Even though of non-linearity in overlapping region luminance, front observations were natural. However, dark objects caused large depth distortion in oblique observations of motion parallax in these displays.
3Dp1-10L	Touch Detection Using Scattering Light on Palm in an Aerial Guide with AIRR *Kengo Fujii¹, Kazunari Chiba¹, Ikuya Saji¹, Masaki yasugi^1,2, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,2 1. Utsunomiya university (Japan), 2. JST ACCEL (Japan)
	This paper proposes a method for touch detecting on a guide illumination formed by aerial imaging by retro-reflection (AIRR). Touch detection is performed from the intensity of scattered light generated by the contact with an aerial image formed parallel to the aperture surface of AIRR.

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Workshop on Applied Vision and Human Factors

Dec. 9	13:20-14:45	VHF1	Physiological and Psychophysical Factors 1
Dec. 9	15:00-16:25	VHF2	Physiological and Psychophysical Factors 2
Dec. 9	16:40-18:10	VHF3	Virtual Reality
Dec. 10	9:00-10:00	VHF4/AIS2	Deep Learning for Image Quality
Dec. 10	10:40-11:45	AIS3/VHF5	Display and Learning
Dec. 10	13:00-14:15	VHF6	Image Quality and Color
Dec. 10	14:40-16:05	VHF7	Ergonomics for Automotive Applications
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	VHFp1	Image Quality

Opening Remarks

Dec. 9 13:20

Yoshie Imai (Mistubishi Elec., Japan)

VHF1: Physiological and Psychophysical Factors 1

Dec. 9 13:20-14:45

Chair: Hiroyasu Ujike (AIST)
Co-Chair: Nobuyuki Hiruma (NHK-ES)

VHF1-1 13:25	Invited Eye movements and physiological measurements during watching artificial three-dimensional image with vertical parallax *Norihiro Sugita¹, Makoto Yoshizawa¹ 1. Tohoku University (Japan)
	In this study, we describe the biological effects of viewing an artificial three-dimensional (3D) video. We focus on 3D videos with vergence-accommodation conflict or dynamic vertical disparity and introduce methods to evaluate their effects using eye movements and physiological signals.
VHF1-2 13:50	A Study on Preference of Physical Size of Motion Pictures by Methods of Experimental Psychology *Masamitsu Harasawa¹, Yasuhito Sawahata¹, Yamato Miyashita¹, Kazuteru Komine¹, Satoshi Shioiri² 1. Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Japan), 2. Tohoku University (Japan)
	The size of screens of video display devices has expanded for years. We investigated factors affecting preference on the physical size of motion pictures by methods of experimental aesthetics and revealed that the longer viewing distance increased preferred size regardless of screen size.
VHF1-3 14:10	Viewing Distance Limitation for the Sticking Perceived Depth of Floating Image to Real Object *Ryo Kiyohara¹, Shiro Suyama¹, Haruki Mizushina¹ 1. University of Tokushima (Japan)
	We propose a new method for easily changing perceived depth of floating image by sticking floating image to a real object. This sticking effect is limited by viewing distance of real object over 1.5 m. When viewing distance is increased to 2.0 m-3.0 m, sticking range of perceived depth is increased to about 0.1 m.
VHF1-4L 14:30	Effects of Active Self-motion on VR Sickness Induced by Visual Motion Perpendicular to Self-motion *Tzu-Yang Wang^1,2, Hiroyasu Ujike^1,2, Shigehito Tanahashi^2,3 1. University of Tsukuba (Japan), 2. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) (Japan), 3. Niigata University (Japan)
	We examined the effect of active physical self-motion on VR sickness induced by visual motion not consequent to the self-motion. We found participants experienced stronger sickness while walking than standing still on the treadmill used. In addition, rotational visual motion has a stronger effect on sickness than translational visual motion.

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VHF2: Physiological and Psychophysical Factors 2

Dec. 9 15:00-16:25

Chair: Takashi Shibata (Tokyo Univ. of Social Welfare)
Co-Chair: Masamitsu Harasawa (NHK)

VHF2-1 15:00	Invited Measurements for Human Factors of VR Navigation and Sickness *Shigehito Tanahashi¹, Shin Tabeta¹ 1. Niigata Univsersity (Japan)
	The rapid growth of hardware and the popularization of data science such as big data analysis, has made it possible to enrich human life in more ways than ever before. In this paper, we focused on the measurements for human factors of VR navigation and sickness.
VHF2-2 15:25	Effects of the oscillation frequency components on visually induced motion sickness *Shogo Hoshikawa¹, Hiroyuki Sumida¹, Tomoya Murakami¹, Shigehito Tanahashi¹ 1. Niigata University (Japan)
	This study focuses on the frequency response characteristics of semicircular canals and clarify the relationship between the frequency of jitter and visually induced motion sickness when the motion simulated that observer goes straight with jitter on an ordinary mountain road.
VHF2-3L 15:45	Invited The Role of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in Brightness Perception *Masahiko Yamakawa¹, Katsunori Okajima¹ 1. Yokohama National University (Japan)
	We applied psychophysical techniques to investigate the role of ipRGCs in brightness perception. The results suggest that ipRGCs play a role in acquiring absolute value of visual environmental information and in offsetting cone response. Furthermore, it was found that the contribution of ipRGCs exceeded 50% as visual stimulus intensity increased.
VHF2-4L 16:10	Display Color Comparison based on ipRGC Response Differences using Metameric Black *Masaya Ohtsu¹, Keita Hirai¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan)
	This study investigated the impact of ipRGC on color discrimination between displays. We calculated and compared the amount of ipRGC stimuli of metameric color pairs on displays using the metameric black paradigm. The results showed that ipRGC might affect the color visibility of several display pairs.

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VHF3: Virtual Reality
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 9 16:40-18:10

Chair: Keita Hirai (Chiba Univ.)
Co-Chair: Johan Bergquist (Consultant)

VHF3-1 16:40	Invited Visual Perception with Dynamic Projection Mapping *Yoshihiro Watanabe¹ 1. Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan)
	Dynamic projection mapping is required to reproduce a highly realistic appearance. However, there is some technical limitations to reproduce the physically same appearance with complete correspondence as the one in the real world. To overcome this gap, we explore the reality which is perceptually consistent in our vision.
VHF3-2 17:05	Invited Color and Brightness in Optical See-Through Augmented Reality Display Systems *Michael J. Murdoch¹ 1. Rochester Institute of Technology (United States of America)
	Optical see-through augmented reality display systems use a transparent display to combine virtual AR components with the real background, leading to color and brightness distortions of both the AR and the background. Experiments show that visual matches do not consistently correspond with physical matches, and a discounting model is proposed.
VHF3-3L 17:30	Invited Effects of Types of Active Control of Self-Motion Direction on VR Sickness *Hiroyasu Ujike¹, Kei Hyodo^1,3, Mitsunori Tada², Kodai Ito² 1. AIST, Tsukuba (Japan), 2. AIST, Tokyo Waterfront (Japan), 3. Yuasa System Co., Ltd (Japan)
	We conducted an experiment measuring VR sickness using HMD, manipulating active control types of self-motion in VR environment. The results showed the averaged SSQ-TS is the smallest in active control using head movement; however, the statistical significance was not obtained, possibly due to weak visual stimulus to induce VR sickness.
VHF3-4L 17:55	Spectral Power and Irradiance Measurements of Retinal Projection Displays John Penczek¹, *Richard L Austin², Monirul Hasan² 1. University of Colorado, Boulder (United States of America), 2. Gamma Scientific (United States of America)
	Several optical metrology considerations are demonstrated in measuring the spectral power and irradiance of laser-based of retinal projection displays. These measurements determine important safety and performance characteristics.

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VHF4/AIS2: Deep Learning for Image Quality

Dec. 10 9:00-10:00

Chair: Keita Hirai (Chiba Univ.)
Co-Chair: Yoshie Imai (Mitsubishi Elec.)

VHF4/AIS2-1 9:00	A Neural Network Based Quantitative MURA Evaluation Method Capable of Evaluating Multiple MURA on a Screen *Satomi Kidoguchi¹, Yusuke Bamba¹ 1. EIZO Corporation (Japan)
	We developed a deep neural network-based method for evaluation of display Mura. We defined an evaluation indicator that is highly correlated with human visual evaluation. However, it could not evaluate multiple Mura on a screen properly. Therefore, we improved the evaluation indicator so that it can handle multiple Mura.
VHF4/AIS2-2 9:20	Estimation of Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect using Deep Learning *Shuhei Yamamoto¹, Kakeru Amano¹, Hisakazu Aoyanagi², Hiroaki Takamatsu², Yoshifumi Shimodaira¹, Gosuke Ohashi¹ 1. Shizuoka University (Japan), 2. NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. (Japan)
	The purpose of this study is to estimate Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect by using deep neural networks. Data augmentation and fine-tuning based on empirical knowledge of subjective evaluation experiments enable deep neural networks to estimate Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect.
VHF4/AIS2-3 9:40	Supervised Learning in Automatic Selection of Preferred Inverse Tone-Mapping Operator for HDR Display Hsuan-Chi Huang¹, *Pei-Li Sun¹, Hung-Chung Li² 1. National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan), 2. Academia Sinica (Taiwan)
	Preferred SDR-to-HDR images for HDR display depend on not only inverse tone-mapping methods, but also image contents. We build an operation prediction system based on supervised learning like machine learning and deep learning. A validation experiment demonstrates that our prediction system is highly reliable.

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AIS3/VHF5: Display and Learning

Dec. 10 10:40-11:45

Chair: Yoshie Imai (Mitsubishi Elec.)
Co-Chair: Hiroshi Haga (Tianma Japan)

AIS3/VHF5-1 10:40	Invited Smart Display Clearly Sees via Deep Learning *Sehoon Lim¹, Luming Liang¹, Xiaoyan Hu¹, Neil Emerton¹, Tim Large¹, Steven Bathiche¹ 1. Microsoft Applied Sciences (United States of America)
	Under-display camera is of great interest in the display industry potentially eliminating the display bezel and camera notch/hole in mobile devices. However, display panels cause complex signal modulation in the camera aperture which results in light diffraction and signal loss. We explored learning-based image restoration approaches to achieve a high contrast and signal-to-noise ratio in modern image processing.
AIS3/VHF5-2 11:05	Invited Improving Material Translation Based on Style Image Retrieval for Neural Style Transfer *Gibran Benitez-Garcia¹, Keiji Yanai² 1. OMRON SINIC X Corp (Japan), 2. The University of Electro-Communications (Japan)
	In this talk, we introduce a CNN-feature-based image retrieval method to find the ideal style image that better translates the material of an object. We segment objects from the content image by using a weakly supervised segmentation method, and transfer the material of the retrieved style image to the segmented areas. With this method, we achieve realistic images that can even fool human perception.
AIS3/VHF5-3L 11:30	A Cloud System for Extraction of Autonomic Nervous System Indices and Blood Pressure Variabilities from Video Images *Makoto Yoshizawa¹, Norihiro Sugita¹, Akira Tanaka², Noriyasu Homma¹, Tomoyuki Yambe¹ 1. Tohoku University (Japan), 2. Fukushima University (Japan)
	To cope with the new life style of With-After COVID-19, we have developed a prototype of non-contact and remote health monitoring cloud system on the basis of video images shot by ordinary video cameras of clients’ personal computers around the world in the Internet without installing any applications or programs.

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VHF6: Image Quality and Color

Dec. 10 13:00-14:15

Chair: Kenichiro Masaoka (NHK)
Co-Chair: Gosuke Ohashi (Shizuoka Univ.)

VHF6-1 13:00	Error Analysis of Sparkle Contrast by Image Subtraction Method *Makio Kurashige¹, Gen Furui¹, Kazutoshi Ishida¹, Shumpei Nishio¹, Mitsuhiro Kuzuhara¹, Hiroko Suzuki¹, Jun Tsujimoto¹, Masayuki Tsunekawa¹, Yukimitsu Iwata¹, Norinaga Nakamura¹ 1. Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (Japan)
	Measurement error of sparkle contrast was investigated by using Image Subtraction Method. The statistical error was suppressed enough when the sampling points were around 100×100 pixels. The parameter as an indicator of both statistical error by insufficient sampling pixels and low- frequency luminance variation within the sampling field was proposed.
VHF6-2 13:20	Perceptually-matched Transparent Display Gamma under Various Background-Surround Conditions *Yu-Ting Cheng¹, Hung-Chung Li², Pei-Li Sun¹, Kuan-Ting Chen³ 1. National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan), 2. Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), 3. Industrial Technology Research Institute (Taiwan)
	Models for predicting perceptually-matched gamma curves for TOLED and TLCD are proposed based on psychophysical experiment results of HDR LCD simulation. Through-screen luminance plays a major role, and background luminance (15 to 30 degrees of visual angle) is more important than surround luminance (over 30 degrees) in the prediction.
VHF6-3 13:40	A Novel Sensitive Color Detection Algorithm Applied to The View-Angle Compensation Technology of VA-LCD *Cailing Fu¹, Yunna Chen¹, Jhenwei He¹, Yufeng Jin¹, Jie Chen¹, Yonglei Zhang¹, Tao He¹, Anthony Ha¹, Yu-Hua Chang¹, Bin Zhao¹ 1. TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co, Ltd. Guangdong. (China)
	In this paper, we propose a novel sensitive color detection algorithm which can be applied to the view-angle compensation technology of the VA-LCD. The proposed algorithm incorporates the Gaussian probability model and the lightness suppression mechanism, and improves the image washout in the side view of panel effectively.
VHF6-4L 14:00	Novel Approach on Sparkle Contrast Measurement by utilizing Diffraction Blur *Makio Kurashige¹, Gen Furui¹, Shumpei Nishio¹, Kazutoshi Ishida¹, Mitsuhiro Kuzuhara¹, Hiroko Suzuki¹, Jun Tsujimoto¹, Masayuki Tsunekawa¹, Yukimitsu Iwata¹, Norinaga Nakamura¹ 1. Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (Japan)
	The conditions of sparkle contrast measurement which were not affected by the modulation of display matrix image itself were investigated in the viewpoint of optical imaging. The proposed method utilizing diffraction blur by the circular aperture of imaging lens enabled to get accurate, reproducible, comparable data within the proposed conditions.

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VHF7: Ergonomics for Automotive Applications
Special Topics of Interest on Automotive Displays

Dec. 10 14:40-16:05

Chair: Yoshie Imai (Mitsubishi Elec.)
Co-Chair: Yukio Endo (AGC)

VHF7-1 14:40	Invited Concept of Buddy System Adapted to the Individual Preference via User Interaction *Makiko Ishikawa¹, Motoko Iwashita¹ 1. DENSO CORPORATION (Japan)
	The “Buddy system” elevates the human consciousness state (such as concentration or relaxation) by minimizing the gap between the current and desired state while adapting the environment (light, sound and other ambient conditions) to users’ preference. The concept is validated in experimental results and its potential future applications are discussed.
VHF7-2 15:05	Invited 3D HUD Optical-Property Measurement for IEC and ISO Standard Developments *Seo Young Choi¹, Young-Ju Jeong², Jae-Kyu Ko¹, Mi-So Noh¹, Jin-Ho Lee³, Dongkyung Nam³ 1. Korea Institute of Lighting and ICT (Korea), 2. Sook Myung Women’s University (Korea), 3. Samsung Electronics, SAIT (Korea)
	In 3D HUD, 3D virtual image information related to navigation, vehicle condition, and safety is projected onto the road so that the driver can immediately recognize what is needed without changing the line of sight, thereby improving safety. Owing to this advantage, 3D HUD can be more effective for AR application area. This paper introduces objective optical-performance measurement items developed in the IEC 62629-62-11 and subjective evaluation items considered in ISO 21957.
VHF7-3 15:30	Concepts in Image Sticking Measurements: Temporal Alignment, Uniformity Correction and Grey Level Dependency *Ingo Rotscholl¹, Julia Barnikol-Oettler¹, Udo Krüger¹ 1. TechnoTeam Bildverarbeitung GmbH (Germany)
	This study introduces two proposed Image Sticking evaluation methods from the automotive industry and identifies relevant differences. It further focusses on the importance of precise temporal alignment and outlines the differences between temporal and local non-uniformity corrections as well as grey level dependency. The complete study bases on measured data.
VHF7-4L 15:50	Enhancement Process of Kinesthetic Illusion Caused by Stimuli of Vibrations and Movies *Tetsuya Hanai¹, Hiraku Komura², Honda Masakazu³, Masahiro Ohka¹ 1. Nagoya University (Japan), 2. Kyushu Institute of Technology (Japan), 3. Industrial Research Institute of shizuoka Prefecture (Japan)
	The kinesthetic illusion (KI) is an illusion that when a suitable vibration stimulus is applied to tendons or muscles. In KI, the participants feel as if their stimulated tendons or muscles were stretched and their related limbs moves in the exteded direction. In the previous study, we investigated the effect of strengthening the moving image in the process of repeating experiments performed by naïve persons who have not experienced the KI so far. An experiment in which a vibration stimulus was applied to the Flexor Carpal Radius (FCR) muscle tendon of the right hand was repeated 5 times to confirm the training effect on KI, which was evaluated by the magnitude estimation method. In this study, we investigated the effect of the rubber hand illusion (RHI) on the KI with displaying a movie of the wrist extension movement on a display placed in front of the arm.

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VHFp1: Image Quality

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

VHFp1-1	Prediction for the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect of Natural Images under the Ambient Lighting Conditions *Kota Nakagawa¹, Hisakazu Aoyanagi², Hiroaki Takamatsu², Yoshifumi Shimodaira¹, Gosuke Ohashi¹ 1. Shizuoka University (Japan), 2. NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. (Japan)
	This study predicts the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect of natural images under various ambient lighting conditions. The proposed prediction equation was obtained by incorporating the experimental values of International Display Workshop (IDW) 19 into the previous values obtained by IDW’18 to improve the accuracy of previous prediction equation.
VHFp1-2L	Improvement of Subjective Super-Resolution Effect by Showing Eye-Guiding Line Frame *Kojiro Matsushita¹, Akinori Tsuji², Toyotaro Tokimoto³, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,4 1. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 2. Tokushima University (Japan), 3. XAiX, LLC (Japan), 4. JST, ACCEL (Japan)
	We propose a display method that shows an eye-guiding line frame around the subjective super-resolution display. The frame guides line of sight and improves the effect of subjective super-resolution. Moving the frame to the opposite direction made the perceived image smoother.

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Workshop on Projection and Large-Area Displays and Their Components

Dec. 9	16:40-18:10	AIS1/PRJ1	Display and Recognition
Dec. 10	10:40-12:05	PRJ2	Automotive Display
Dec. 10	13:00-14:00	PRJ3/FMC2	AR System and Component
Dec. 10	14:40-16:00	PRJ4	Projection Mapping
Dec. 11	10:40-12:20	PRJ5	Projection Component
Dec. 11	13:00-14:20	PRJ6	Projection Application
Dec. 11	14:40-16:00	PRJ7/AIS7	Smart City
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	PRJp1	Projection Technology

AIS1/PRJ1: Display and Recognition

Dec. 9 16:40-18:10

Chair: Hirotsugu Yamamoto (Utsunomiya Univ.)
Co-Chair: Kälil Käläntär (Global Optical Solutions)

AIS1/PRJ1-1 16:40	Invited On Generalization of Deep Neural Networks for Visual Recognition Tasks *Takayuki Okatani^1,2 1. Tohoku University (Japan), 2. RIKEN (Japan)
	This article discusses generalization ability of deep neural networks (DNNs) for visual recognition tasks. It is known that DNNs easily fail for images to which noises are added, when they have not learned the noisy images. We discuss how to cope with such limitation of DNNs.
AIS1/PRJ1-2 17:05	Invited A Transparent Display Interactive System with Artificial Intelligence Recognition *Jia-Chong Ho¹, Yu-Hsiang Tsai¹, Yu-Hsuan Su¹, Wei-Lin Hsu¹, Yu-Ying Lan¹, Sen-Yih Chou¹, Kuan-Ting Chen¹ 1. Industrial Technology Research Institute (Taiwan)
	In this research, we have developed a transparent display device with an information fusion interactive system. The interactive system has three main technologies: gaze tracking, object identification, and coordinate transformation for virtual image mapping. By integrating those technologies to achieve an AR-based interactive system on direct view transparent display.
AIS1/PRJ1-3L 17:30	Invited Arbitrary Focusing based on Nano-Second Multi-Exposure and TAG Lens *Hiromasa Oku¹, Kazuki Yamato², Keita Yasutomi³, Shoji Kawahito³ 1. Gunma University (Japan), 2. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 3. Shizuoka University (Japan)
	This paper reports imaging methods using a resonant type liquid lens and nano-second multiple-exposure. The response time of focusing is negligible, which makes it possible to adjust the focal length at each frame, and to capture multiple focal plane images simultaneously using multi-tap lock-in pixel image sensor.
AIS1/PRJ1-4L 17:55	Image Recognition Using Oxide Semiconductor Crossbar Memristors with Implementation of Slit Detection and Local Autonomous Learning *Yuta Takishita¹, Mutsumi Kimura^1,2, Yasuhiko Nakashima¹ 1. Nara Institute of Science and Technology (Japan), 2. Ryukoku University (Japan)
	In this study, we simulated an image recognition system using visual cortex layers and xbar memristor as a full connection layer. The simulation results show that the best accuracy was 69% when the MNIST datasets were used, and it was 23% when the CIFAR-10 datasets were used.

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Opening Remarks

Dec. 10 10:40

Satoshi Ouchi (Hitachi)

PRJ2: Automotive Display
Special Topics of Interest on Automotive Displays

Dec. 10 10:40-12:05

Chair: Kazuhiro Ohara (Keynote Photonics)
Co-Chair: Masaru Kuramoto (Stanley)

PRJ2-1 10:45	Invited Light emitting devices: challenges and applications *Tetsuya Taki¹, Jean-Jacques Drolet¹, Martin Strassburg¹ 1. OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH (Germany)
	An overview on the latest advancements in improving LED efficiency is provided. The technology has led the market to expand to a variety of novel application fields that are far beyond the traditional general lighting market. Examples of novel application are also introduced.
PRJ2-2 11:05	Integrated of LiDAR Sensor with Smart Headlight Yung Peng Chang², Andy Chen², *Kenneth Li¹ 1. Optonomous Technologies Inc. (United States of America), 2. Taiwan Color Optics, Inc. (Taiwan)
	Beside low cost, the automobile design will be a major factor for the mass adoption of the LiDAR in the autonomous vehicles. It will be advantageous to integrate the LiDAR together with the headlight such that the chassis design of the vehicle does not have to deviate from standard practices. This paper presents optical design of integrated LiDAR and smart headlight in a single module such that it replaces the current headlight without impact on the overall chassis design of the vehicle. Preliminary designs of such system and results will be presented.
PRJ2-3 11:25	Extraction of Unconscious Perceptual Information Using Blood Flow Measurement in Face by General Purpose Camera *Seiji Murata¹, Yukinobu Tanaka¹ 1. Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
	We are developing a method for estimating the load state of the human. The method uses signals of facial blood flow changes measured by using a general purpose RGB camera.
PRJ2-4 11:45	Adaptable Eye tracking Technology of Obscured Face *Jian-Lung Chen¹, Yu-Ju Chao¹, Ting-Hsun Cheng¹, Yu-Hsin Lin¹ 1. Industrial Technology Research Institute (Taiwan)
	Humans around the world are affected by special infectious pneumonia (COVID-19). There are more and more people wearing masks that are necessary for daily or workplace use. However, the sensitivity of face detection will be affected by feature obscuration, and most of them cannot be performed. Obscured face detection and gaze tracking. This paper proposes a face detection and landmark repair, and then realizes the tracking of the eye trajectory of the obscured face.

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PRJ3/FMC2: AR System and Component
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 10 13:00-14:00

Chair: Tetsuji Suzuki (JVC KENWOOD)
Co-Chair: Takayuki Fujiwara (Hitachi)

PRJ3/FMC2-1 13:00	Intermediate Image Temple Optical System with Small Diameter for Super-Light Smart Glasses Using Thin Plastic Light Guide Plates *Yoshifumi Sudoh¹, Shigenobu Hirano¹, Naoki Nakamura¹, Masahiro Itoh¹, Shun Okazaki¹, Susumu Momma¹, Masamichi Yamada¹, Takashi Maki¹, Aino Hasegawa¹, Norikazu Igarashi¹, Kenji Kameyama¹, Yasuo Katano¹, Takemasa Tsutsui¹ 1. Ricoh Company, Ltd. (Japan)
	We have developed super-light smart glasses using thin plastic light guide plates. Using a non-rotationally symmetric optical element on the intermediate image temple optical system, we succeeded in reducing the diameter of the optical system to approximately half, which is suitable for the light guide plate.
PRJ3/FMC2-2 13:20	Liquid Lens Used for the Virtual Reality System *Yu-Lin Chen¹, Tsung-Hsien Wu¹, Jui-Wen Pan¹ 1. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)
	This design combines the liquid lens with an immersive HMD system to improve the image quality for myopic and hyperopic users. A penta-prism is also incorporated and used to change the direction of the optical path to improve any optical aberration caused by the gravity effect.
PRJ3/FMC2-3 13:40	A Compact Full-color Laser Beam Scanning Image Projector Based on a Waveguide-type RGB Combiner *Akira Nakao¹, Shoji Yamada¹, Toshio Katsuyama¹, Osamu Kawasaki², Kazuki Iwabata², Koichi Horii², Akira Himeno^1,2 1. University of Fukui (Japan), 2. SEIREN KST Corp. (Japan)
	A packaged RGB laser module is demonstrated. Its size reaches as small as 8x4x3 mm. A compact RGB laser scanning module is also demonstrated. Since the modules are based on the waveguide-type combiner, each combined output beam is perfectly aligned. Clear full-color high-definition video images are obtained by using them.

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PRJ4: Projection Mapping
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 10 14:40-16:00

Chair: Osamu Akimoto (Sony Semiconductor Solutions)
Co-Chair: Bart Maximus (Barco)

PRJ4-1 14:40	Invited Implementation of Projection Mapping System Using FPGA *Yoshitaka Nagano¹, Junko Sugimori² 1. Aichi University of Technology (Japan), 2. J. F. Oberlin University (Japan)
	We developed a system that uses separate devices for video output and video correction, to easily and inexpensively map projections onto 3D objects with free-form surfaces. An FPGA board was used as the correction device. Furthermore, we describe the details regarding the geometric correction circuit designed for the FPGA board.
PRJ4-2 15:00	A Projector-Camera System Using Hybrid Pixels with Projection and Capturing Capabilities *Kenta Yamamoto¹, Daisuke Iwai¹, Kosuke Sato¹ 1. Osaka University (Japan)
	We propose a novel projector-camera system (ProCams) in which each pixel has both projection and capturing capabilities. Our proposed ProCams solves the difficulty of obtaining precise pixel correspondence between the projector and the camera. We implemented a proof-of-concept ProCams prototype and demonstrated its applicability to a dynamic projection mapping.
PRJ4-3 15:20	A Study on Imperceptible Projection for Seamless Appearance Manipulation *Raichi Kubo¹, Toshiyuki Amano¹ 1. Wakayama University (Japan)
	The sense of projection limits the range of application field of the projection display. This paper proposes 2-step manipulation method to increase the upper limit of the luminance for perceiving the sense of projection. The effectiveness is confirmed by comparing the proposed method to the naive one.
PRJ4-4 15:40	Projector Pixel Redirection Using Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator *Haruka Terai¹, Daisuke Iwai^1,2, Kosuke Sato¹ 1. Osaka University (Japan), 2. JST, PRESTO (Japan)
	In projection mapping from a projector to a non-planar surface, the pixel density on the surface becomes uneven. This causes the critical problem of local spatial resolution degradation. We confirmed that the pixel density uniformity on the surface was improved by redirecting projected rays using a phase-only spatial light modulator.

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PRJ5: Projection Component

Dec. 11 10:40-12:20

Chair: Hidekazu Hatanaka (Ushio)
Co-Chair: Cuypers Dieter (Ghent University, CMST)

PRJ5-1 10:40	Invited Recent Progress in High-Power Laser Diodes and Laser Packages for Projection Display Applications *Eiichiro Okahisa¹, Shingo Masui¹, Tomoya Yanamoto¹, Shin-ichi Nagahama¹ 1. Nichia Corporation (Japan)
	The wall-plug efficiency of blue and green Laser Diode (LD) chips for laser projection display applications exceeding 48% and 21% respectively was achieved. Our development laser package with 24 blue LD chips installed has achieved an optical output power of 124 watts.
PRJ5-2 11:00	Invited Progress on Laser Phosphor Light Source Technology *Fei Hu¹, Cuiping Zhang¹, Zuqiang Guo¹, Chen Chen¹, Yi Li¹ 1. Appotronics Corporation Ltd. (China)
	In recent years, the laser phosphor is becoming a mainstream light source technology in projection display. In this paper, we first review the development of different light source technologies used in projectors. Thereafter, we review the evolution of our laser phosphor technology and then present its latest progress-RGB laser phosphor.
PRJ5-3 11:20	Invited Energy Efficiency Comparison of GaN-based Blue Light Emitters *Joachim Piprek¹ 1. NUSOD Institute LLC (United States of America)
	GaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can reach more than 80% electrical-to-optical power conversion efficiency, but less than 10% are reported for blue super-luminescent LEDs and less than 50% for blue laser diodes. We employ advanced device simulation to investigate the physical mechanisms behind the measured discrepancy in peak energy efficiency.
PRJ5-4 11:40	Laser Excited Single Crystal Phosphor Waveguide for High Power Applications Yung Peng Chang², Kirk Huang², Lion Wang², *Kenneth Li¹ 1. Optonomous Technologies Inc. (United States of America), 2. Taiwan Color Optics, Inc. (Taiwan)
	Single crystal phosphor has been developed with superior material performance for conversion of blue laser light into yellow visible light providing high efficiency, high temperature operation, and operation in a larger volume waveguide form for ease of heat sinking. This paper presents an end-pumped structured crystal phosphor waveguide design such that the volume of laser absorption and heat dissipating surfaces are both larger with a small output cross-section for small etendue operations. Preliminary samples have been fabricated with expected results. Several structures and measurement results will be presented.
PRJ5-5 12:00	Miniature Fresnel LC Lens Performance *Dieter Cuypers¹, Rik Verplancke¹, Herbert De Smet¹ 1. imec / Ghent University (Belgium)
	The performance of miniature, polymer-based Fresnel liquid crystal lenses is discussed, specifically the sensitivity for non-uniformities.

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PRJ6: Projection Application

Dec. 11 13:00-14:20

Chair: Shinsuke Shikama (Setsunan Univ.)
Co-Chair: Toshiyuki Amano (Wakayama Univ.)

PRJ6-1 13:00	Invited A Novel 3DLP 8K DLP Video Processor *Adam Kunzman¹, Harold Bellis¹, Ken Bell¹ 1. Keynote Photonics (United States of America)
	A technique to achieve both an ultra-high resolution and high frame rate projection system is described using standardized control components for a digital light processing system. In addition to rendering higher resolution images, high speed systems can be used to minimize latency and provide other augmented reality features.
PRJ6-2 13:20	Compensated Appearance Manipulation for Eyesight Improvement *Shiho Kunieda¹, Toshiyuki Amano¹ 1. Wakayama University (Japan)
	Pre-compensation using overlay projection decreases contrast for ill-posed inverse problem. In this paper, we propose a Compensated Appearance Manipulation that does not require pre-compensation. Through the simulation on a perceptual MTF, we confirmed the proposed method yielded more effective visibility improvements than the pre-compensation based approach.
PRJ6-3 13:40	Speckled Image Resolution Measured in Nine Regions on Screen using Raster-scan RGB Laser Mobile Projector *Junichi Kinoshita¹, Akira Takamori¹, Kazuhisa Yamamoto¹, Kazuo Kuroda², Koji Suzuki³, Keisuke Hieda⁴ 1. Osaka University (Japan), 2. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 3. Oxide Corporation (Japan), 4. Hioki E. E. Corporation (Japan)
	Image resolution affected by color speckle is measured for the nine projected regions on the screen using a raster-scan mobile projector. The modified contrast modulation method is used for analyzing speckle noise effects. The nonuniformity of the image resolution among the nine regions is compared and analyzed.
PRJ6-4 14:00	Invited JAXA Himawari Product as a Display Content *Maki Kikuchi¹, Misako Kachi¹, Hiroshi Murakami¹ 1. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japan)
	Himawari is the Japanese geostationary satellite operated by Japan Meteorological Agency. Its latest generation significantly improved spatiotemporal and spectral resolutions, extending capability of serving as display contents. This paper outlines the JAXA Himawari products, with visualization examples of products related to RGB images, atmospheric pollutants and clouds.

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PRJ7/AIS7: Smart City
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 11 14:40-16:00

Chair: Satoshi Ouchi (Hitachi)
Co-Chair: Makio Kurashige (DNP)

PRJ7/AIS7-1 14:40	Invited Clustered Digital Air Cannon: A Novel Device for Projection-based Olfactory Display *Yasuyuki Yanagida¹, Haruo Noma² 1. Meijo University (Japan), 2. Ritsumeikan University (Japan)
	We propose a novel configuration of air cannons, called Clustered Digital Air cannon (CDA). CDA consists of many small nozzles that synthetically compose an aperture of the air cannon. CDA can offer many functionalities that have not been achieved by conventional air cannons.
PRJ7/AIS7-2 15:00	Carried Objects Recognition from Pedestrians' Range Images *Akinobu Watanabe¹ 1. Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
	We developed the carried objects estimation technique from range image captured by TOF sensor, and confirmed accuracy of single carried object's existence is 98% and loss is 7% by combination of recognition method of CNN model trained by histogram images of point cloud and rule-based pre-detection method.
PRJ7/AIS7-3 15:20	Requirements of OpenXR Specification for Mechanical Maintenance Support Systems *Takayuki Fujiwara¹ 1. Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
	The paper shows what kind of factors are required for XR based mechanical maintenance support systems from existed papers. As the result of the investigation, recognition technologies in AR and connecting other devices and sharing VR space are required.
PRJ7/AIS7-4 15:40	Improvement of Field of View in Light-Field Head-Mounted Display by Displacing Elemental Images *Yasutaka Maeda¹, Daiichi Koide¹, Kensuke Hisatomi¹ 1. NHK (Japan)
	We propose an light-field head mounted display for a virtual reality device. In this study, a 5.5-inches 4K display panel is applied, and an elemental image is displaced from the back of the corresponding microlens. We confirmed the improvement of the field of view via simulation and experiment.

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PRJp1: Projection Technology

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

PRJp1-1	Etendue Preserving Stationary Phosphor Plate with Rotating Optics for High-Power Projection Applications *Kenneth Li¹ 1. Optonomous Technologies Inc. (United States of America)
	With the advancement of blue laser developments at low cost, laser diodes and laser diode arrays are getting popular in various light system from low power to very high power. This paper presents a stationary phosphor system in which the phosphor plate is not in motion and can be attached to heat sinks for efficient removal of heat at high power operations, which cannot be achieve easily when the phosphor material is coated onto a rotating wheel. The highest power density, limited by the available laser source, of over 54 W per sq. mm has been achieved and is expected to increase in the near future with higher power laser sources, development of homogenizing and diffusing optics at the input, and micro and photonic structures at the output surfaces.
PRJp1-2	Aberration Analyses of Head-up Display Based on Holographic Optical Element and Exit Pupil Imaging System *Xuan-Jun Chen¹, Wen-Kai Lin^1,2, Shao-Kui Zhou^1,2, Wei-Chia Su¹ 1. National Changhua University of Education (Taiwan), 2. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)
	In this study, the HUD based on HOE and exit pupil imaging system is proposed. The exit pupil of this system will be imaged by the system and placed in front of the human eye, which contains both eyes. Finally, the aberration of the system is analyzed through Zemax.
PRJp1-3	Reducing Aberration of Aerial Image by Use of Supporting Wire in Large Aerial Display with AIRR *Kosuke Inoue¹, Masaki Yasugi^1,2, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,2 1. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 2. JST, ACCEL (Japan)
	To reduce the aberration of aerial image of the large-scale device, we propose the use of wires supporting the beam splitter without losing the visibility of aerial images. We examined the effect of the thickness and arrangement of wire on the distortion of aerial image.
PRJp1-4	Lens-less Monochromatic Head-Mounted Display Based on Holographic Optical Element *Yu-Lun Hong¹, Wen-Kai Lin^1,2, Shao-Kui Zhou^1,2, Wei-Chia Su¹ 1. National Changhua University of Education (Taiwan), 2. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)
	In this study, the lens-less monochromatic HMD based on HOE was proposed. This device composed of two HOEs and the input HOE is with the lens phase. This device can provide infinite AR images for the observer without geometric lens. Finally, the FOV of this device is 9.4°×14.6°(H×V).
PRJp1-5L	Development of Interactive Doppler Effect Learning Material Using VR and Evaluation of Learning Effectiveness *Bunta Nakano¹, Naoto Hoshikawa², Tomoyoshi Ito¹, Atsushi Shiraki¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan), 2. Oyama College (Japan)
	Due to various factors, it isn't easy to learn the Doppler effect in the real world. In this study, we improved the learning problem by constructing a virtual experiment environment in the VR space. We also confirmed the learning effect through tests and questionnaires.
PRJp1-6L	A High Contrast Digital Driving 0.39 inch LCoS Panel Optimized for Waveguide AR Glass *Yixing Chen^1,2, Jun Xia¹ 1. Southeast University (China), 2. Nanjing Smartvision Electronics Co., Ltd. (China)
	A high contrast 0.39 inch 1080p Liquid Crystal on Silicon panel with digital driving is introduced in this paper. A waveguide light engine is assembled with this panel. The experiment shows that the contrast is 1200:1 and the power consumption is less than 300 mW, which indicates that the panel is good for AR applications.

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Workshop on EP Electronic Paper

Dec. 9	13:20-14:50	EP1	Electrochromic Technologies from Advanced Materials to Applications.
Dec. 9	15:00-16:15	EP2	Advanced ePaper Technologies
Dec. 10	9:00-10:15	EP3	Advanced Electrophoretic Technologies
Dec. 10	14:40-15:10	EP4	Challenges for ePaper (Late-News Session)
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	EPp1	Electronic Paper

EP1: Electrochromic Technologies from Advanced Materials to Applications.

Dec. 9 13:20-14:50

Chair: Nam-Seok ROH (Samsung Elect.)
Co-Chair: Takahiro Kamei (Sony corpration)

EP1-1 13:20	Invited Luminescence Color Control Based on Electrochromic Reaction Using Luminescent Leuco Dye Derivatives *Kazuki Nakamura¹, Namiko Yanagawa¹, Norihisa Kobayashi¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan)
	We reported photo-and electrochemical-functional materials enabling dual reflective and emissive function by combining electrochromic materials and luminescent materials. For achieving electrochemical control of luminescence color, we combined various functional molecules. As a result, luminescence colors were controlled through inter-molecular energy transfer between luminescent molecules and electrochromic molecules.
EP1-2 13:45	Invited Electrochromic Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer Nanosheets *Masayoshi Higuchi¹ 1. National Institute for Materials Science (Japan)
	Blue and red colored metallo-supramolecular polymer nanosheets were successfully synthesized by the complexation of Fe(II) ion and ditopic or tritopic organic ligand at the liquid-liquid interface. The polymer films were insoluble in any solvent, but we could transfer the films on an ITO glass and revealed the excellent electrochromic properties.
EP1-3 14:10	The Effect of Temperature on Electrodeposition Behavior of Ag Deposition-based Electrochromic Device *Shiori Fukuda¹, Takanori Sugita¹, Kazuki Nakamura¹, Norihisa Kobayashi¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan)
	We have reported Ag deposition-based electrochromic (EC) device. In this study, effect of temperature on electrodeposition behavior of Ag nanoparticles was investigated in the multi-color EC device. As a result, we confirmed that morphologies of deposited Ag nanoparticles and the reflection behavior were affected by temperatures of the electrolyte solutions.
EP1-4 14:30	Comparison of Comfort Between Paper and Electronic Mediums in Handwriting Tasks *Kanako Fujisaki¹, Makoto Omodani² 1. Tokai University (Japan), 2. Tokyo Denki University (Japan)
	In this report, paper, LCD tablet, and e-Paper were evaluated.Measurements of handwriting speed and subjective evaluations were performed for note-taking tasks.Experimental results suggested that the electronic paper is advantageous in achieving both high performance and low eye fatigue for handwriting tasks.

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EP2: Advanced ePaper Technologies

Dec. 9 15:00-16:15

Chair: NORIHISA KOBAYASHI (Chiba Univ.)
Co-Chair: SHUICHI MAEDA (Tokai Univ.)

EP2-1 15:00	Invited Introduction of a New Disruptive Display Technology in the Existing Display Manufacturing Infrastructure *Alex Henzen^1,2,3,4, Qian Tang¹, Hongwei Jiang^1,3, Hongqing Chen^1,3, Shouming Li^1,3, Guofu Zhou^1,2,3,4 1. South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics -South China Normal University (China), 2. Liquid Light Ltd. (China), 3. Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd (China), 4. Gr8 optoelectronics Ltd. (Hong Kong)
	E-paper has very limited access to existing markets, and occupies a niche in the display market.Availability of full color and video will open up markets which are not accessible now, and will even create new ones. But alignment with existing display infrastructure is a condition for success.
EP2-2 15:25	Invited Printed Electrochromic Displays – Superior to Reflective Segmented LCDs? *Felix Karlsson¹, Philip Holgersson¹, Jani-Mikael Kuusisto¹ 1. Ynvisible Interactive Inc. (Canada)
	For several decades reflective segmented LCDs have been the display technology of choice in many simple and low-end applications, such as calculators, fever thermometers, and household appliances. Printed electrochromic segment displays are rapidly advancing in terms of performance and mass-producibility. This presentation explores how printed electrochromic displays compare with LCDs and how they can begin to replace segment LCD screens.
EP2-3 15:50	Invited Mass Production Solution for Wet Coated Smart Window/Glass *Katsumi Araki¹ 1. Toray Engineering Co., Ltd. (Japan)
	Toray Engineering Co., Ltd. is a company that possesses technology for an integrated production system, with our slit coater as the key component, in order to wet coat material for electrochromic Smart Window. Our technological manufacturing proposal will help realize cost-reduction, high-productivity, glass up-sizing, etc. of the electrochromic smart window.

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EP3: Advanced Electrophoretic Technologies

Dec. 10 9:00-10:15

Chair: KEISUKE HASHIMOTO (E Ink Holdings Inc.)
Co-Chair: MAKOTO OMODANI (Tokyo Denki Univ.)

EP3-1 9:00	Invited Improving Patient Experience with Electrophoretic Display Technology *Michael D. McCreary¹, JQ Xi¹ 1. E Ink Corporation (United States of America)
	As scientists and business leaders, we have the opportunity to bring technology to bear on global problems including our health. The use of electrophoretic display technology (EPD) in medical applications is one such opportunity. The use of EPD in hospitals will be reviewed and its benefits to patients, medical staff, and our environment.
EP3-2 9:25	Invited Battery-Free Charging Methods for Driving E-paper Devices *Bo-Ru Yang¹, Yifan Gu¹, Qingyun Luo¹, Peng Chen¹, Jinxin Cao¹, Tingting Hou¹, Shaoyong Zheng¹, Xiong Pu¹ 1. Sun Yat-sen University (China)
	Owing to the inherent feature of ultra-low-power-consumption, E-Paper has been regarded as important display device for future IoT environments. Herein, we proposed two kinds of advanced driving methods for E-paper devices: in-situ triboelectric and wireless power supplies within 30cm. These methods are battery-less which will facilitate future IoT display applications.
EP3-3 9:50	Invited Kaleido Color eReader Displays *Ian French¹, Poyuan Lo¹, Ray Chung¹, Candela Lin¹, James Ding¹ 1. E Ink (Taiwan)
	Black and White eReaders using electrophoretic displays have been around for years, but many books need color. Examples include children’s books, text books and graphic novels. For these we have now developed electrophoretic displays with inkjet printed color filters that have excellent Black and White reading, with good color performance.

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EP4: Challenges for ePaper (Late-News Session)

Dec. 10 14:40-15:10

Chair: Yoshihiko HOTTA (Ricoh)
Co-Chair: Masayoshi HIGUCHI (NIMS)

EP4-1L 14:40	Prototyping of Practical e-Tile and Evaluations of Joint Gap Area Effect Taiga Masuyama², *Makoto Omodani¹ 1. Tokyo Denki University (Japan), 2. Tokai University (Japan)
	A concept of e-Tile is introduced for large area displays. A typical e-Tile with 100 pixels on a 100 mm square board was prototyped. The effect of the joint gap area of the tiled display on the image quality was evaluated by subjective evaluation of the simulated tile images.
EP4-2L 14:55	Conducting Sheet Made of Polypyrrole-Cellulose Fibers Toward Electrodes for Electronic Paper *Naohiro Takahashi¹, Shuichi Maeda¹ 1. Tokai University (Japan)
	We have prepared conducting sheets made of polypyrrole- cellulose fibers that utilize polypyrrole as conducting parts and cellulose fiber as flexible part. The sheets have a potential that can be utilized as back electrodes for electronic paper.

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EPp1: Electronic Paper

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

EPp1-1	Photoelectric Properties and Driving Characteristics of Prussian-blue-based Polymer Gel Electrochromic Cells *Yoshikazu Washizu¹, Sho Miyagi¹, Shuichi Sato¹ 1. Tokyo Denki University (Japan)
	The effects of polymer gel electrolyte on the photoelectric and driving characteristics in voltage of ±1.5 V of Prussian Blue-based electrochromic cells were systematically investigated under preparation conditions of different electrolyte concentration and film-forming speed.

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Workshop on MEMS and Emerging Technologies for Future Displays and Devices

Dec. 9	15:00-15:45	MEET1	Micro/NanoDisplays and Nanotechnology Application (1)
Dec. 9	16:40-17:40	MEET2	Micro/NanoDisplays and Nanotechnology Application (2)
Dec. 10	10:40-12:00	MEET3	Micro/NanoDisplays and Nanotechnology Application (3)
Dec. 11	10:40-12:00	MEET4	EL Quantum Dots Technologies
Dec. 11	13:00-14:20	MEET5	Emerging Quantum Dots and Nanotechnologies
Dec. 11	14:40-16:00	MEET6	Novel Materials, Fundamental Components and Process Technologies

Opening Remarks

Dec. 9 15:00

M. Nakamoto (Shizuoka Univ., Japan)

MEET1: Micro/NanoDisplays and Nanotechnology Application (1)
Special Topics of Interest on Micro/Mini LEDs

Dec. 9 15:00-15:45

Chair: Zhaojun Liu (Southern University of Science and Technology)
Co-Chair: Eric Moyen (KyungHee University)

MEET1-1 15:05	Invited Colloidal Quantum Dot Enhanced Micro LEDs *Chien-chung Lin^1,2, Kai-Ling Liang², Wei-Hung Kuo², Hui-Tang Shen², Pei-Wen Yu², Yen-Hsiang Fang² 1. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan), 2. Industrial Technology Research Institute (Taiwan)
	High resolution and full-color micro-LED displays are highly sought-after these days. Using a color conversion layer like quantum dots can alleviate the complexity of mass-transfer in small devices, but the efficiency and the micro-assembly methods need to be addressed, and our latest results will be demonstrated.
MEET1-2 15:25	Invited Towards glass-based μ-LED displays fabricated with advanced transfer technology Junyang Nie^2,1,3, *Jie Sun^1,3,2, Min Li^1,3, Zhonghang Huang^1,3, Yongai Zhang^1,3, Xiongtu Zhou^1,3, Augusto Andres Iribarren Alfonso⁴, Jie Sun^1,3 1. Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China (China), 2. Xi'an Jiaotong University, (China), 3. Fuzhou University (China), 4. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (IMRE), Universidad de La Habana, Zapata s/n esquina G (Cuba)
	This paper reports our works on implementation of the concept of highly integrated semiconductor information display (HISID). Micro light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) within dimensions of 15 μm × 25 μm were transferred onto glass-based display panels with a mass transfer method. A thick Cr/Al/Ti/Pt/Au interconnection metal was deposited on the glass substrate to form the passive matrix driving structure. This approach has the potential to mass-produce high performance novel display device.

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MEET2: Micro/NanoDisplays and Nanotechnology Application (2)
Special Topics of Interest on Micro/Mini LEDs

Dec. 9 16:40-17:40

Chair: Chien-chung Lin (National Chiao Tung University)
Co-Chair: Jeonghun Kwak (Seoul National University)

MEET2-1 16:40	Invited Investigation of High Performance and Fine-pitch GaN-based Micro-LEDs *Zhaojun Liu¹, Mengyuan Zhanghu¹, Wenjun Huang¹, Guocai Wu¹, Chuanbiao Liu¹, Byung-Ryool Hyun¹, Chengfeng Qiu¹ 1. Southern University of Science and Technology (China)
	Micro-LEDs have become the focus of display research due to their outstanding characteristics in brightness, lifetime, resolution, and efficiency. The research of small size and fine pitch Micro-LED has attracted full attention. In this paper, we review the progress of GaN-based Micro-LEDs with small size and fine pitch. Besides, high performance Micro-LED arrays, which have 6um6.5um pixel size and 9.5um9.5um pixel size will also be reported. This research is an essential breakthrough for fine-pitch GaN-based LEDs.
MEET2-2 17:00	Invited CMOS Pixel Circuit for GaN Micro-LED control in Very High Luminance Applications *Margaux Vigier¹, Bertrand Dupont¹, Thomas Pilloix¹, François Templier¹ 1. CEA Leti (France)
	GaN micro-LED technology offers high luminance level, which is a strong requirement for microdisplays used in augmented reality, as well as large display applications. Their electro-optical characteristics differ from the commonly-used OLEDs. So new circuitry with higher driving capabilities for the pixel control needs to be developed. This paper discusses the architecture of such a CMOS pixel, suited for GaN micro-LED control.
MEET2-3 17:20	Invited MicroLEDs in 2020: technology and intellectual property status and trends *Zine Bouhamri¹, Eric Virey¹ 1. Yole Developpement (France)
	Having analyzed the most recent trends in microLED display technologies and their intellectual property landscapes, which have been growing exponentially since 2014, we want to exhibit here the key technologies, highlight the unusual solutions, and provide insights on the status of microLED developments.

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MEET3: Micro/NanoDisplays and Nanotechnology Application (3)
Special Topics of Interest on Micro/Mini LEDs

Dec. 10 10:40-12:00

Chair: Yong-Seog Kim (Hongik University)
Co-Chair: Shuai Chang (Beijing Institute of Technology)

MEET3-1	Withdrawn

MEET3-2 11:00	Invited Toward ultrahigh efficiency GaN nano and micro full-color LEDs *Zetian Mi¹ 1. University of Michigan (United States of America)
	We present the recent advances of GaN-based photonic nanocrystal LEDs, which can exhibit highly directional and multi-color emission and ultra-stable operation. The design principles, performance characteristics, and path to achieve next-generation ultrahigh efficiency nano and micro-scale LEDs for applications in mobile displays and virtual reality systems will be discussed.
MEET3-3 11:20	Invited High performance microLED displays with mass-transferred microICs *Chris Bower¹, Salvatore Bonafede¹, Erich Radauscher¹, Andrew Pearson¹, Brook Raymond¹, Erik Vick¹, Chris Verreen¹, Carl Prevatte¹, Tiffany Weeks¹, Brad Krongard¹, Nikhil Jain¹, Matthew Meitl¹ 1. X Display Company (United States of America)
	There is a growing consensus that microLED will become the next major flat panel display type. At present, leading companies are demonstrating steady progress against the technological challenges that historically impeded the commercialization of microLED displays, such as mass transfer in manufacturing and fabrication of efficient micron-scale optoelectronic devices. Equally important is the pixel drive circuitry needed to control the microLEDs efficiently and reliably in these displays. Mass transfer for microLED displays most frequently refers to the process used to distribute microLEDs across a panel substrate, but it can also open entirely new advantageous possibilities in backplane design. Mass transfer of microIC drivers as pixel engines for microLED displays is gradually receiving increased attention as a path toward unmatched efficiency, dynamic range, and brightness.
MEET3-4 11:40	Invited Key Requirements for Manufacturing Micro LED Displays *Ahmed Khaled¹ 1. Intel Corporation (United States of America)
	Manufacturing cost is the highest risk for µLED displays. µLED display cost is composed of backplane and frontplane costs. Backplane cost may be similar to OLED displays. The major cost contributors for frontplane are epitaxy, transfer, and defect management. Here, the technology requirements for manufacturing high performance, cost-effective µLED displays are discussed

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MEET4: EL Quantum Dots Technologies
Special Topics of Interest on Quantum Dot Technologies

Dec. 11 10:40-12:00

Chair: Xiao Wei Sun (Southern University of Science and Technology)
Co-Chair: Kyu Chang Park (KyungHee University)

MEET4-1 10:40	Invited Quantum Dots and Perovskites for Display, Lighting and Photomedicine *Yajie Dong¹, Manuel A. Triana¹, Caicai Zhang¹ 1. University of Central Florida (United States of America)
	Luminescent nanomaterials, including quantum dots and metal halide perovskite nanocrystals, have emerged as key building blocks for photonics and optoelectronics applications. I will present our recent work on photoluminescent perovskite materials and electroluminescent quantum dot devices, with focus on their potential applications for novel display, lighting and photomedicine.
MEET4-2 11:00	Invited Optimization of Quantum Dot Mixed Layer for White Light-Emitting Diodes with Wide Color Correlated Temperatures *Jeonghun Kwak¹, Ahyoung Hong¹ 1. Seoul National University (Korea)
	White quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) is advantageous for implementing white devices using mixed QDs in the emitting layer. Here we fabricated white QLEDs based on mixed QD layers, which exhibit a high color rendering index and a wide range of color correlated temperature by changing the QD-mixing ratios.
MEET4-3 11:20	Invited Highly Efficient Quantum Dot Light-emitting Diode Based on Properly Charge Balanced and Suppressed Interfacial Exciton Quenching Process Raju Lampande¹, *Jang Hyuk Kwon¹ 1. Kyung Hee University (Korea)
	We report a high efficiency inverted red indium phosphide (InP) based quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) by optimizing charge balance and suppressing interfacial exciton quenching process. Our optimized red InP-QLED using new deep HOMO level and high mobility hole transport layers and sol-gel ZnMgO showed external quantum efficiency of 21.8 % and current efficiency of 23.4 cd/A.
MEET4-4 11:40	Invited InP/ZnSe/ZnS/ZnS Blue Quantum Dots for Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes Wenda Zhang¹, Shihao Ding¹, Pai Liu¹, Xiao Wei Sun¹, *Kai Wang¹ 1. Southern University of Science and Technology (China)
	In this work, efficient pure blue InP/ZnSe/ZnS/ZnS QDs with emission wavelength of 470 nm are synthesized by optimizing the thick shell structure. Residual zinc stearate coated on QDs is removed successfully which facilitates the injection of holes. External quantum efficiency can reach to 1.7% for pure blue InP QLED.

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MEET5: Emerging Quantum Dots and Nanotechnologies
Special Topics of Interest on Quantum Dot Technologies

Dec. 11 13:00-14:20

Chair: Frank Yan (Fuzhou University)
Co-Chair: Jang Hyuk Kwon (KyungHee University)

MEET5-1 13:00	Invited Synthesis of Quantum Dots and their Applications to (NIR) Photo-detectors *Moyen Eric¹, Jin Jang¹ 1. Kyung Hee University (Korea)
	Quantum dots (QDs) have gained attention for their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Their bandgap as well as their electronics properties can easily be tuned and they are suitable for low-cost devices fabrication. We will detail various synthesis processes for QDs and show their applications in photo-detectors.
MEET5-2 13:20	Invited Efficient Electroluminescence Devices Based on in Situ Fabricated Perovskite Nanocrystals *Shuai Chang¹, Haizheng Zhong¹ 1. Beijing Institute of Technology (China)
	In situ ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) fabrication strategy provides an efficient and convenient way to control the size and dimension of perovskite toward efficient and bright RGB electroluminescent devices for display applications. The role of solvent and ligand effects on the size and quantum-well width distribution are also thoroughly investigated.
MEET5-3 13:40	Invited A new finding in positive aging of QLED Shihao Ding¹, Zhenghui Wu¹, *Xiao Wei Sun¹ 1. Southern University of Science and Technology (China)
	The phenomenon of positive aging has been frequently reported in quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED). However, the root cause for this phenomenon remains illusive. It is interesting to note that, the commonly used electron transport material in QLED, ZnMgO, has been extensively studied as a resistive switching material.
MEET5-4 14:00	Invited Enhanced Performance of All-Inorganic QLED using Double Heat Treatment of NiO HTL *Yong-Seog Kim¹, Sun-Kyo Kim¹ 1. Hongik University (Korea)
	Crystallization heat treatment at elevated temperatures followed by vacuum annealing treatment at lower temperatures was introduced to form a crystalline NiO single phase. With the modification, the luminance and current efficiency of QLED with the NiO HTL was improved significantly.

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MEET6: Novel Materials, Fundamental Components and Process Technologies

Dec. 11 14:40-16:00

Chair: Frank Yan (Fuzhou University)
Co-Chair: Kai Wang (Southern University of Science and Technology)

MEET6-1 14:40	Invited Carbon Nanotube Cold Cathode Electron Beam (C-beam) for Various Ultraviolet(UV) Lighting *Kyu Chang Park¹, Sung Tae Yoo¹ 1. Kyung Hee University (Korea)
	Ultraviole t(UV) lighting sources with carbon nanotube electron beam(C-beam) were fabricated with various peak wavelength. The peak wavelength depends on the structure of anode electrode and the performance depend on the electron emission properties of C-beam. The performance of UV light with anode materials and properties will be reported
MEET6-2 15:00	Invited Rigorous Optoelectronic Modeling of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Solar Cells Considering the Optically-Incoherent Encapsulation Layers *Jungho Kim¹ 1. Kyung Hee University (Korea)
	We calculate optical and electrical characteristics of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ solar cells including the effect of the incoherent encapsulation layers, whose thickness is greater than the coherence length of sunlight (~0.6 mm). The equispced thickness averaging method is used to efficiently model the incoherent property of the thick encapsulation layer.
MEET6-3 15:20	High brightness vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode for electron microscope *Ha Rim Lee¹, Boklae Cho², Kyu Chang Park¹ 1. KyungHee University (Korea), 2. Korea Research Institute for Science and Standard (Korea)
	We developed a high-brightness carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode and its studied structural analysis and electron emission characteristics. Based on structural properties, there is a difference in electron emission characteristics, which in turn affects the brightness of the beam. The correlation between the CNT cold cathode structure and its brightness was established, and an optimized electron beam module was designed for secondary electron microscopic imaging
MEET6-4L 15:40	Invited Catching the Dream of AR for the Consumer: Where Do We Stand in Terms of Displays and Optics in 2020? *Zine Bouhamri¹, Eric Virey¹, Pierrick Boulay¹ 1. Yole Développement (France)
	Over the last 24 months, many things happened in the AR field, specifically targeting the consumer market. As AR headsets are expected to be the next consumer electronics revolution, what has been done, what will be done and when can we expect high volumes to appear on the market?

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Workshop on Display Electronic Systems

Dec. 10	9:00-10:15	DES1	AR/VR & Circuit technology
Dec. 10	13:00-14:25	DES2/AIS4	Automotive & Artificial Intelligence
Dec. 11	10:40-12:20	DES3/INP2	Media Art
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	DESp1	Display Electronic Systems

Opening Remarks

Dec. 10 9:00

Haruhiko Okumura (Toshiba)

DES1: AR/VR & Circuit technology
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 10 9:00-10:15

Chair: Jien Kato
Co-Chair: Ryutaro Oke

DES1-1 9:05	Invited Benchmarking Indicators of Spatial Registration and Tracking Methods for Mixed and Augmented Reality *Koji Makita¹ 1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)
	This paper proposes benchmarking indicators of multiple camera tracking methods for augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR). We have been proposing AR/MR application-oriented individual indicators such as position and posture error, projection error of virtual objects, and frame rate. Concept of the indicators are included in ISO/IEC 18520:2019.
DES1-2L	Withdrawn

DES1-3 9:55	Uniformity Improvement with Time-division Driving for Low-level Luminescence of AMOLED Displays *Takuya Okada¹, Takenobu Usui¹, Mitsuru Nakata¹, Yoshiki Nakajima¹, Takahisa Shimizu¹ 1. NHK (Japan)
	This study proposes a time-division driving method for uniformity improvement of AMOLED displays at low-level luminescence. This method produces two subframes including a short-term subframe with intense emission in a frame period. The reduction of luminous variation was demonstrated using the proposed method.

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DES2/AIS4: Automotive & Artificial Intelligence
Special Topics of Interest on Automotive Displays

Dec. 10 13:00-14:25

Chair: Kazumoto Morita
Co-Chair: Mutsumi Kimura (Ryukoku Univ.)

DES2/AIS4-1 13:00	Invited Issues and activities on Safe AI for Autonomous Driving *Naoki Mitsumoto¹ 1. DENSO CORPORATION (Japan)
	Quality and safety of Deep Neural Network are very important issue for autonomous drive, and we're challenging this from the perspectives of quality assurance, social acceptance, and technological development. However they are not issues that can be handled by a single company, cooperative efforts among industries and academies are required.
DES2/AIS4-2 13:25	Advanced Optical Methods to Ensure Safe Image Reproduction on Automotive Displays *Karlheinz Blankenbach¹, Matthaeus Vogelmann¹ 1. Pforzheim University (Germany)
	Modern cars are equipped with Camera Monitor Systems (CMS) - such as back-up camera systems or mirror replacement systems. These systems must achieve high safety levels. Today, only digital data are supervised. This paper introduces new methods for optical supervision of displays enabling “light-to-light” (camera to display output) protection.
DES2/AIS4-3 13:45	Invited Multistage Video Up-Scaling Technique for 8K High Quality Display *Sewhan Na¹, Unki Park¹, Hyun-Wook Lim¹, Jaeyoul Lee¹ 1. Samsung Electronics (Korea)
	A multistage video up-scaling in this paper, consisting of a linear filter, convolutional neural networks, and a hand-made adaptive scaler trained by machine learning theory, achieves a high quality 8K resolution, which is hard to obtain with a single up-scaling at low cost, in DTV application.<gdiv></gdiv>
DES2/AIS4-4L 14:10	Image Quality Enhancement of Ghost Imaging by Using Gradient Descent *Ikuo Hoshi¹, Tomoyoshi Shimobaba¹, Takashi Kakue¹, Tomoyoshi Ito¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan)
	Ghost imaging reconstructs images only using a single element detector. It has a various advantage. However, one of the challenges is low image quality in undersampling. In this study, we improve the image quality of reconstructed images by using gradient descent.

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DES3/INP2: Media Art

Dec. 11 10:40-12:20

Chair: Haruhiko Okumura (Toshiba )
Co-Chair: Kazunori Imoto (Toshiba)

DES3/INP2-1 10:40	Invited Living Images: Images Supported by Living Things *Kazuhiro Jo^1,2, Juppo Yokokawa³, Nobuhiro Masuda¹ 1. Kyushu University (Japan), 2. YCAM (Japan), 3. Tokyo University of the Arts (Japan)
	We propose the notion of “Living Images” by reviewing the historical background from early color photography through germ paintings with microbes to recent artworks include our audiovisual work Chromatophony. We aim to highlight the link between digital and living images and initiate discussions on future forms of display.
DES3/INP2-2 11:05	Invited Plant and animal display *Yuki Morimoto¹ 1. Kyushu University (Japan)
	In our laboratory, we are developing the system to automatically generate a projection mapping (PM) onto natural objects such as leaves and flowers, for which it is currently difficult to apply tracking markers. Our PM allows user interactions such as contact and covering.
DES3/INP2-3 11:30	Invited Activating Environments and Minds with Displays *Shogo Fukushima¹ 1. The University of Tokyo (Japan)
	Displays are used not only for presenting visual information to people, but also as a means of transmitting data to information devices and for influencing people's behavior and minds. This paper provides an overview of display technologies that affect people and their surrounding environment.
DES3/INP2-4 11:55	Invited Augmented Vision: the Future of Upgrading Your Vision via Optical See-through AR Displays *Yuta Itoh^1,2 1. Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan), 2. RIKEN AIP (Japan)
	This invited talk presents vision augmentation technology that assists and enhances the human vision by overriding it with optical see-through near-eye displays (OST-NED). We first present the recent advancement of OST-NED technology that brings augmented reality (AR) images closer to reality and then existing vision augmentation applications and their prospects.

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DESp1: Display Electronic Systems

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

DESp1-1	A study on the Increase of Perceivable Information in the Saccade with High Speed Line Display *Naoki Kawasaki¹, Yuuki Machida¹, Takayuki Misu¹, Keiichi Abe¹, Hiroshi Sugimura¹, Makiko Okumura¹ 1. Kanagawa Institute of Technology (Japan)
	In this paper, a high speed flashing line display was developed using a CPLD and PIC microcontroller, and the relationship between the flashing frequency and the optimum distance that can be perceived with the least distortion was clarified. The results show that the higher the flashing frequency is, the more information can be perceived from a farther position.
DESp1-2	A Novel a-IGZO TFT Scan Driver Circuit Using Only One Pull-Down Transistor *Jungwoo Lee¹, Yong-Sang Kim¹, Jae-Hong Jeon², KeeChan Park³, Soo-Yeon Lee⁴ 1. Sungkyunkwan University (Korea), 2. Korea Aerospace University (Korea), 3. Konkuk University (Korea), 4. Seoul National University (Korea)
	This paper proposes new scan driver to prevent output ripple voltage which can be generated by CLK. Using only one pull-down TFT with 50% turn-on duty ratio, proposed circuit can obtain both high reliability for continuous bias stress and fully cut-off ripple voltage by using negative VGS for pull-up TFT.

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Workshop on Flexible Electronics

Dec. 9	13:20-14:50	FLX1	Wearable Sensors and Devices
Dec. 9	15:00-16:25	FLX2	Advanced Material and Application for Flexible Electronics
Dec. 9	16:40-18:05	FLX3	Advanced Process and Evaluation for Flexible Electronics
Dec. 10	13:00-14:00	LCT6/FLX4	Flexible and Curved LCDs

FLX1: Wearable Sensors and Devices

Dec. 9 13:20-14:50

Chair: Yukiharu Uraoka (NAIST)
Co-Chair: Takashi Nagase (Osaka Pref. Univ.)

FLX1-1 13:20	Invited Multimodal Flexible Sensor Sheets *Kuniharu Takei^1,2 1. Osaka Prefecture University (Japan), 2. JST PRESTO (Japan)
	This study presents multimodal flexible sensors for healthcare and Internet of Things (IoTs) applications. In particular, charge-coupled device-based high sensitive pH sensor and multi-modal sensor sheets are introduced. In addition to the fundamental characteristics of the sensors, several demonstrations are discussed for moving forward to building flexible sensor platform.
FLX1-2 13:45	Invited Low-Noise Biosignal Monitoring with Ultra Flexible Transistors *Takafumi Uemura^1,2, Tsuyoshi Sekitani^1,2 1. Osaka University (Japan), 2. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)
	We report a 2-μm-thick ultraflexible organic differential amplifier capable of processing physiological signals with high signal integrity. Circuit compensation technique enables to suppress the electric mismatch among transistors and improves a common-mode noise attenuation factor. Using our flexible amplifier, we monitor electrocardiogram signals with a signal-to-noise ratio of 34 dB.
FLX1-3 14:10	Invited Signal Detection of Object Slippage using Printed Soft Robotic Sensor *Tomohito Sekine¹, Yi-Fei Wang¹, Yasunori Takeda¹, Daisuke Kumaki¹, Fabrice Domingues Dos Santos², Atsushi Miyabo³, Shizuo Tokito¹ 1. Yamagata University (Japan), 2. Piezotech (France), 3. ARKEMA K. K. (Japan)
	Tactile sensing is required for skillful object handling in several soft robotic applications. Real-time measurement and identification of dynamic shear forces are important issue for slip detection and object interaction. In this study, we report a printed soft robotic sensor for detecting of a signal detection of object slippage.
FLX1-4L 14:35	Organic Floating-Gate Transistors with Hole Trapping Characteristics for NAND-Like Memory Operation Miho Higashinakaya¹, *Takashi Nagase^1,2, Reitaro Hattori¹, Shion Tazuhara¹, Takashi Kobayashi^1,2, Hiroyoshi Naito^1,2 1. Osaka Prefecture University (Japan), 2. The Research Institute for Molecular Electronic Devices (Japan)
	Solution-processable organic floating-gate transistor memories programmable in the dark have been developed using ambipolar polymer semiconductor. Solution-processed organic transistor memories allow the storage of holes as well as electrons by tuning the work function of gate electrodes. We demonstrate NAND-like memory operation using organic transistor memories with hole trapping characteristics.

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FLX2: Advanced Material and Application for Flexible Electronics

Dec. 9 15:00-16:25

Chair: Mitsuru Nakata (NHK)
Co-Chair: Toshimasa Eguchi (Sumitomo Bakelite)

FLX2-1 15:00	Invited Flexible Display & Sensor Technology *Akio Takimoto¹ 1. Japan Display Inc. (Japan)
	With improvements of flexible plastic substrate technology, the LTPS TFTs can be formed even on the plastic substrates. This has led to developments of flexible LCDs or flexible OLED displays. On the other hand, wearable type biometric sensors have been expected as a promising application field of TFT technology.
FLX2-2 15:25	Invited High Impact Resistance Damping Structure and Thin-film Encapsulation Technologies for Flexible Display *Cheng-Chung Lee¹, Shu-Tang Yeh¹, Kuan-Ting Chen¹, Yi-Hsiang Huang¹, Glory Chen¹, Jia-Chong Ho¹ 1. ITRI (Taiwan)
	A 3mm bending radius foldable AMOLED with high mechanical strength technology is demonstrated. This prototype can pass the ball drop impact test with 135g steel ball from 35cm height. And also, the advanced solution-coated gas barrier is proposed to OLED thin film encapsulation for new flexible AMOLED form factor applications.
FLX2-3 15:50	High Temperature Tolerant Barrier Film with Stacking Barrier Layers by Sputtering and ALD *Mitsuhiro Koden¹, Toshinao Yuki¹, Takahiro Nishikawa², Miho Sugimoto¹, Hitoshi Nakada¹ 1. Yamagata University (Japan), 2. KURABO INDUSTRIES LTD. (Japan)
	High gas barrier layers were developed by alternated depositions of Si₃N₄ layer by sputtering and Al₂O₃ layer by ALD on simultaneously biaxially stretched polyetheretherketone (PEEK) film with high temperature tolerance.The developed stacking layers with Si₃N₄ and Al₂O₃achieved high gas barrier ability with WVTR of the order of 10^-5g/m²/day.
FLX2-4L 16:10	Low Temperature Solution Processed Hybrid Gate Insulators for High Performance Oxide Thin-Film Transistors *Juan Paolo Bermundo¹, Ployrung Kesorn¹, Mami N. Fujii¹, Yasuaki Ishikawa², Yukiharu Uraoka¹ 1. Nara Institute of Science and Technology (Japan), 2. Aoyama Gakuin University (Japan)
	High mobilities of ~30 cm²/Vs in amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors were realized through application of a low temperature solution-processed hybrid gate insulator. The combination of high-k BaTiO_x nanoparticles and a polysiloxane polymer matrix enables a lower process temperature of 300°C from 650 °C while ensuring enhanced performance and low leakage current.

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FLX3: Advanced Process and Evaluation for Flexible Electronics

Dec. 9 16:40-18:05

Chair: Hiroyuki Endo (NEC)
Co-Chair: Manabu Ito (Toppan Printing)

FLX3-1 16:40	Invited Analysis of Neutral-Plane Splitting for Foldable Displays Using Digital Image Correlation Method *Masatomo Hishinuma¹, Masumi Nishimura¹, Hajime Yamaguchi¹, Akio Murayama¹ 1. Japan Display Inc. (Japan)
	Strain control with neutral-plane splitting is an essential technology in designing foldable displays. We established a method for analyzing continuous changes in cross-sectional strain distribution throughout the folding process. Digital image correlation (DIC) method with an optical microscope successfully revealed that the neutral-plane position changes with the folding radius.
FLX3-2 17:05	Invited Island and Hole Fabrication on OLED Stack for High-Resolution Sensor in Display Application *Tung-Huei Ke¹, Chi-Ting Tsai^2,1, Gema Monlina Alvarez¹, Erwin Vandenplas¹, Auke Kronemeijer³, Pawel E malinowski¹, Paul Heremans¹ 1. imec (Belgium), 2. National Cheng Kung University (Taiwan), 3. Holst centre (Netherlands)
	Advances in mobile and wearable electronics have driven the integration of multi-functional devices, such as sensors and display, to enable new form factors in next-generation electronics. In this presentation, we will show our results in photolithography patterning of OLED stack to create islands and holes structure for the sensor in display applications
FLX3-3 17:30	A Sacrificial Layer for Laser Lift-off of Colorless Polyimide *Linshuang Li¹, Chunge Yuan¹, Kaijun Wang¹, Zhuhui Li¹, Li Zhang¹, Qiao Huang¹, Yushuang Wu¹, Lijun Zhang¹, Macai Lu ¹, Nian Liu¹, Minggang Liu¹, Yanxi Ye², Yong Fan¹, Tsunglung Chang², Dongze Li¹, Xin Zhang² 1. Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., (China), 2. Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., (China)
	We experimentally studied the a-Si deposited by PECVD as the sacrificial layer (SCL) for the laser lift-off (LLO) of colorless polyimide (cPI). The results shows that colorless polyimide (cPI) with SCL layer after LLO exhibits lower yellow intensity, higher tensile strength, no curling and slighter laser damage.
FLX3-4L 17:50	Effect of Pressure Thermoforming Conditions on PC Sheet integrating Electric Wiring for 3D Electronics Technology *Yuki Kawamura¹, Tatsuhiro Takahashi¹, Katsutomo Wakabayashi², Haruto Hirose², Yuka Azakami², Haruhiko Itoh³, Tadahiro Furukawa¹ 1. Yamagata University (Japan), 2. Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd. (Japan), 3. TEIJIN LIMITED (Japan)
	As a new method for “3D Electronics”, we have investigated the effect of pressure thermoforming conditions on PC sheet integrating Electric Wiring. By evaluating sheet deformation and disconnection behavior of electric wiring, we found that long-pressing time and early pressing timing were especially significant parameters of process conditions.

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LCT6/FLX4: Flexible and Curved LCDs

Dec. 10 13:00-14:00

Chair: Shinichiro OKA (Japan Display Inc.)
Co-Chair: Munehiro KIMURA (Nagaoka Univ. of Tech.)

LCT6/FLX4-1 13:00	Invited Advances of high temperature countermeasures in automotive LCD technology *Kenta Kamoshida¹, Ryo Tadauchi¹, Takashi Shimada¹, Kenji Ogura¹, Mitsuhiro Murata¹ 1. KYOCERA Corporation (Japan)
	Since launching the world's first LCD for automotive, we have devoted to improve LCD reliability and supplied LCD to various automotive interior parts. In recent HUD, luminance and temperature have been increasing, and light leakage may occur as a specific problem. As a result of investigation, it was found that the uneven distribution of the temperature on the polarizer could be the root cause of the shrinkage. Proper introduction of wire-grid substrate can be an effective countermeasure to improve the light leakage.
LCT6/FLX4-2 13:20	Invited Development of Ultranarrow Border LCDs Using Transparent Polyimide Substrates *Yosuke Hyodo¹, Shinichiro Oka¹, Lu Jin¹, Genki Asozu¹, Hiromi Kaneda¹, Kazuhide Mochizuki¹, Marina Mochizuki¹, Yoshiro Aoki¹, Naoyuki Asano¹ 1. Japan Display Inc. (Japan)
	We have been investigating in-plane switching liquid crystal displays using transparent polyimide film substrates, which are called sheet LCDs. An ultra-narrow-border LCD, i.e., an LCD with almost invisible border, was fabricated by bending the sheet LCD along the backlight frame and using the lens effect of the cover glass.
LCT6/FLX4-3 13:40	Organic Transistor Materials for bezel-free Plastic Liquid Crystal Displays *Michael Banach¹ 1. FlexEnable (UK)
	FlexiOM materials have been developed to make high performance organic transistor devices. The devices can fabricated at low temperatures which enables backplane technologies for flexible liquid crystal displays.

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Workshop on Touch Panels and Input Technologies

Dec. 10	9:00-10:15	INP1	Fingerprint and Flexible Sensors
Dec. 11	10:40-12:20	DES3/INP2	Media Art
Dec. 11	13:00-14:35	INP3/AIS6	AR/VR Interactive and Haptic Technologies
Dec. 11	14:55-16:00	INP4	In-Cell Touch Panels and Sensors
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	INPp1	Interactive Technologies

INP1: Fingerprint and Flexible Sensors
Special Topics of Interest on Automotive Displays

Dec. 10 9:00-10:15

Chair: Hiroshi Haga (Tianma Japan)
Co-Chair: Yuji Suzuki (Japan Display)

INP1-1 9:00	Invited Full-Screen Capacitive Fingerprint Sensor and Touch Sensor *Toshinori Uehara¹, Makoto Hayashi¹, Akihiko Fujisawa¹, Yuji Suzuki¹, Fumihoru Nakano¹, Takaaki Kono¹, Takanori Tsunashima¹, Akihiko Saito¹, Teppei Yamada¹, Naoshi Goto¹ 1. Japan Display Inc. (Japan)
	We have developed a novel full-screen capacitive fingerprint and touch sensor, which can scan and detect a user’s fingerprint anywhere on a display, using Low Temperature Poly-silicon (LTPS) technology and Analog Front End Integrated Circuit (AFE IC) technology. Due to its excellent detection performance, the sensor can detect high quality fingerprint image even through the cover glass.
INP1-2 9:25	Invited Near Infrared Transmission System for Under LCD Sensor Displays *Hideaki Shirotori¹, Quinn Sanford², Jennifer Chen³ 1. 3M Japan Innovation Limited (Japan), 2. 3M Company (United States of America), 3. 3M China ltd (China)
	Near Infrared Transmission System is transforming the security of LCD smartphones with biometric sensing capability under the screen. This optical film system is allowing IR sensors to image through the entire LCD module while maintaining the picture quality of conventional smartphones. The NITS system enables thin and full screen design.
INP1-3 9:50	Invited Flexible Image Sensor Array Using IGZO TFT Backplane Technology for X-ray Detector *Rikiya Takita¹, Wataru Nakamura¹, Akinori Kubota¹, Fumiki Nakano¹, Kazuhide Tomiyasu¹, Yu Nakamura¹, Naoki Makita¹ 1. Sharp Corporation (Japan)
	A flexible X-ray sensor array using IGZO-TFT was prototyped. IGZO-TFT shows faster read-out speed compared to amorphous silicon TFT. So IGZO-TFT yield dynamic motion detectors. In addition, flexible substrate realizes light-weight and robust detector. In this paper we evaluated the IGZO-TFT flexible sensor array and it showed good characteristics.

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DES3/INP2: Media Art

Dec. 11 10:40-12:20

Chair: Haruhiko Okumura (Toshiba )
Co-Chair: Kazunori Imoto (Toshiba)

DES3/INP2-1 10:40	Invited Living Images: Images Supported by Living Things *Kazuhiro Jo^1,2, Juppo Yokokawa³, Nobuhiro Masuda¹ 1. Kyushu University (Japan), 2. YCAM (Japan), 3. Tokyo University of the Arts (Japan)
	We propose the notion of “Living Images” by reviewing the historical background from early color photography through germ paintings with microbes to recent artworks include our audiovisual work Chromatophony. We aim to highlight the link between digital and living images and initiate discussions on future forms of display.
DES3/INP2-2 11:05	Invited Plant and animal display *Yuki Morimoto¹ 1. Kyushu University (Japan)
	In our laboratory, we are developing the system to automatically generate a projection mapping (PM) onto natural objects such as leaves and flowers, for which it is currently difficult to apply tracking markers. Our PM allows user interactions such as contact and covering.
DES3/INP2-3 11:30	Invited Activating Environments and Minds with Displays *Shogo Fukushima¹ 1. The University of Tokyo (Japan)
	Displays are used not only for presenting visual information to people, but also as a means of transmitting data to information devices and for influencing people's behavior and minds. This paper provides an overview of display technologies that affect people and their surrounding environment.
DES3/INP2-4 11:55	Invited Augmented Vision: the Future of Upgrading Your Vision via Optical See-through AR Displays *Yuta Itoh^1,2 1. Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan), 2. RIKEN AIP (Japan)
	This invited talk presents vision augmentation technology that assists and enhances the human vision by overriding it with optical see-through near-eye displays (OST-NED). We first present the recent advancement of OST-NED technology that brings augmented reality (AR) images closer to reality and then existing vision augmentation applications and their prospects.

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INP3/AIS6: AR/VR Interactive and Haptic Technologies
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 11 13:00-14:35

Chair: Nobuyuki Hashimoto (Japan Women's Univ.)
Co-Chair: Makoto Sato (Tokyo Tech)

INP3/AIS6-1 13:00	Invited Multimodal Acoustic Trapping Display *Ryuji Hirayama¹, Diego Martinez Plasencia¹, Nobuyuki Masuda², Sriram Subramanian¹ 1. University of Sussex (UK), 2. Tokyo University of Science (Japan)
	The Multimodal Acoustic Trapping Display (MATD) makes use of ultrasound to trap, quickly move and color a particle in mid-air, to create volumetric shapes. Using the pressure delivered by ultrasound, the MATD can also create high-pressure points that our hands can feel and induce air vibrations that create audible sound.
INP3/AIS6-2 13:25	Invited Inverse Problems in Tactile Displays *Norihisa Miki¹, Hiroki Ishizuka² 1. Keio University (Japan), 2. Osaka University (Japan)
	Tactile displays can potentially augment quality and quantity of information in human-computer interaction. In this presentation, we discuss how we solve the inverse problems of the tactile displays, in which we propose the microfabricated tactile samples to deduce quantitative correlation between the surface properties and tactile perception.
INP3/AIS6-3 13:50	Invited Ball-type Haptic Display for Physical Experience of Televised Sporting Events *Takuya Handa¹, Makiko Azuma¹, Masaki Takahashi¹, Masanori Sano¹, Yuko Yamanouchi¹ 1. NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories (Japan)
	We aim to create a universal service for people to enjoy and share the fun and excitement of sports programs. Our prototype system provides impact sensation of a hitting ball based on the estimates of the direction and magnitude of acceleration calculated from a ball's trajectory data.
INP3/AIS6-4 14:15	Human Movement Recognition Using Internal Sensors of a Smartphone-based HMD *Ryota Matsui¹, Kaho Kato¹, Yuta Sugiura¹ 1. Keio University (Japan)
	This paper aims to recognize human movements using the internal sensors of a smartphone-based head-mounted display (HMD). The internal sensors of the smartphone are used to recognize human movements, such as jumping and turning. In our experiment, the average movement recognition accuracy for 16 movements was 92.03%.

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INP4: In-Cell Touch Panels and Sensors

Dec. 11 14:55-16:00

Chair: Kuniaki Yamazaki (Corning Japan)
Co-Chair: Hiroshi Haga (Tianma Japan)

INP4-1 14:55	Invited Laser Induced Photoreduction for Metal Based Flexible Transparent Electrode *Atsushi Ono¹, Makoto Takishita¹, Masato Sumiyoshi¹, Vygantas Mizeikis¹ 1. Shizuoka University (Japan)
	The metal-mesh type of transparent electrodes have been received much attention as next-generation electrodes. Here, we fabricated the transparent electrode silver mesh pattern of 1µm width with 50µm pitch by laser lithography of photoreduction process. By investigating the laser patterning conditions, we achieved 85% transparency and 20Ω/sq. sheet resistance.
INP4-2	Withdrawn

INP4-3 15:40	Identify the Interaction of Multiple Users by Heterogeneous Features Grouping *Pi-Hsien Pihsian Wang¹, Yu-Hsin Lin¹ 1. Industrial Technology Research Institute (Taiwan)
	Conventional multi-person interaction methods cannot identify who is touching. We combine touching behavior judgment and eye detection to achieve identification and eye-to-hand pointing. It could apply in transparent display’s information fusion to human eyes. We also analyze the accuracy and response time of the 2 users' interaction.

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INPp1: Interactive Technologies
ARVR:

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

INPp1-1	The Frame Matching Method for Motion Capture Gymnastic Support System *Tsanming Ou¹, Haruka Ohsuga², Tomoki Miyamoto¹, Yuko Hoshino¹, Mitsuho Yamada¹ 1. Tokai University (Japan), 2. Nissay Information Technology (Japan)
	To address the problem of the shortage in caregivers, we have developed a system that can teach learners exercises. The system uses a depth camera to capture the motion data of a user and compares it with the professional's data to evaluate the exercises conducted by the user.
INPp1-2	Development of a Web Browsing Support System Using Gaze information *Taiga Mori¹, Takahide Otomo², Yusuke Nosaka¹, Eriko Ishii³, Yuko Hoshino¹, Mitsuho Yamada¹ 1. Tokai University (Japan), 2. NTT DATA Corporation (Japan), 3. Kagoshima Prefectural College (Japan)
	We attempt to develop a web-browsing support system using a contactless and low-cost gaze-input device. Our system automatically extracts a sentence from an HTML web page based on the gazing point. It then analyzes it to present supporting information about the viewing content.
INPp1-3	Interactive Floating Display System Based on Dihedral Corner Reflector Array *Yu-Kun Zheng¹, Wen-Kai Lin^1,2, Shao-Kui Zhou^1,2, Wei-Chia Su¹ 1. National Changhua University of Education (Taiwan), 2. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)
	An interactive floating display system based on DCRA is proposed. Using the leap motion controller to achieve human-computer interaction, and the image produced by DCRA is arranged the controllable zone of leap motion controller. Finally, we analyze the relationship between the image distance and the MTF for DCRA imaging system.

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Topical Session on AI and Smart Society

Dec. 9	16:40-18:10	AIS1/PRJ1	Display and Recognition
Dec. 10	9:00-10:00	VHF4/AIS2	Deep Learning for Image Quality
Dec. 10	10:40-11:45	AIS3/VHF5	Display and Learning
Dec. 10	13:00-14:25	DES2/AIS4	Automotive & Artificial Intelligence
Dec. 10	14:40-16:05	AMD3/AIS5	Display and Sensor
Dec. 11	13:00-14:35	INP3/AIS6	AR/VR Interactive and Haptic Technologies
Dec. 11	14:40-16:00	PRJ7/AIS7	Smart City
Dec. 10	16:10-18:10	AISp1	Artificial Intelligence and Smart Society

AIS1/PRJ1: Display and Recognition

Dec. 9 16:40-18:10

Chair: Hirotsugu Yamamoto (Utsunomiya Univ.)
Co-Chair: Kälil Käläntär (Global Optical Solutions)

AIS1/PRJ1-1 16:40	Invited On Generalization of Deep Neural Networks for Visual Recognition Tasks *Takayuki Okatani^1,2 1. Tohoku University (Japan), 2. RIKEN (Japan)
	This article discusses generalization ability of deep neural networks (DNNs) for visual recognition tasks. It is known that DNNs easily fail for images to which noises are added, when they have not learned the noisy images. We discuss how to cope with such limitation of DNNs.
AIS1/PRJ1-2 17:05	Invited A Transparent Display Interactive System with Artificial Intelligence Recognition *Jia-Chong Ho¹, Yu-Hsiang Tsai¹, Yu-Hsuan Su¹, Wei-Lin Hsu¹, Yu-Ying Lan¹, Sen-Yih Chou¹, Kuan-Ting Chen¹ 1. Industrial Technology Research Institute (Taiwan)
	In this research, we have developed a transparent display device with an information fusion interactive system. The interactive system has three main technologies: gaze tracking, object identification, and coordinate transformation for virtual image mapping. By integrating those technologies to achieve an AR-based interactive system on direct view transparent display.
AIS1/PRJ1-3L 17:30	Invited Arbitrary Focusing based on Nano-Second Multi-Exposure and TAG Lens *Hiromasa Oku¹, Kazuki Yamato², Keita Yasutomi³, Shoji Kawahito³ 1. Gunma University (Japan), 2. Utsunomiya University (Japan), 3. Shizuoka University (Japan)
	This paper reports imaging methods using a resonant type liquid lens and nano-second multiple-exposure. The response time of focusing is negligible, which makes it possible to adjust the focal length at each frame, and to capture multiple focal plane images simultaneously using multi-tap lock-in pixel image sensor.
AIS1/PRJ1-4L 17:55	Image Recognition Using Oxide Semiconductor Crossbar Memristors with Implementation of Slit Detection and Local Autonomous Learning *Yuta Takishita¹, Mutsumi Kimura^1,2, Yasuhiko Nakashima¹ 1. Nara Institute of Science and Technology (Japan), 2. Ryukoku University (Japan)
	In this study, we simulated an image recognition system using visual cortex layers and xbar memristor as a full connection layer. The simulation results show that the best accuracy was 69% when the MNIST datasets were used, and it was 23% when the CIFAR-10 datasets were used.

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VHF4/AIS2: Deep Learning for Image Quality

Dec. 10 9:00-10:00

Chair: Keita Hirai (Chiba Univ.)
Co-Chair: Yoshie Imai (Mitsubishi Elec.)

VHF4/AIS2-1 9:00	A Neural Network Based Quantitative MURA Evaluation Method Capable of Evaluating Multiple MURA on a Screen *Satomi Kidoguchi¹, Yusuke Bamba¹ 1. EIZO Corporation (Japan)
	We developed a deep neural network-based method for evaluation of display Mura. We defined an evaluation indicator that is highly correlated with human visual evaluation. However, it could not evaluate multiple Mura on a screen properly. Therefore, we improved the evaluation indicator so that it can handle multiple Mura.
VHF4/AIS2-2 9:20	Estimation of Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect using Deep Learning *Shuhei Yamamoto¹, Kakeru Amano¹, Hisakazu Aoyanagi², Hiroaki Takamatsu², Yoshifumi Shimodaira¹, Gosuke Ohashi¹ 1. Shizuoka University (Japan), 2. NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. (Japan)
	The purpose of this study is to estimate Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect by using deep neural networks. Data augmentation and fine-tuning based on empirical knowledge of subjective evaluation experiments enable deep neural networks to estimate Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect.
VHF4/AIS2-3 9:40	Supervised Learning in Automatic Selection of Preferred Inverse Tone-Mapping Operator for HDR Display Hsuan-Chi Huang¹, *Pei-Li Sun¹, Hung-Chung Li² 1. National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan), 2. Academia Sinica (Taiwan)
	Preferred SDR-to-HDR images for HDR display depend on not only inverse tone-mapping methods, but also image contents. We build an operation prediction system based on supervised learning like machine learning and deep learning. A validation experiment demonstrates that our prediction system is highly reliable.

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AIS3/VHF5: Display and Learning

Dec. 10 10:40-11:45

Chair: Yoshie Imai (Mitsubishi Elec.)
Co-Chair: Hiroshi Haga (Tianma Japan)

AIS3/VHF5-1 10:40	Invited Smart Display Clearly Sees via Deep Learning *Sehoon Lim¹, Luming Liang¹, Xiaoyan Hu¹, Neil Emerton¹, Tim Large¹, Steven Bathiche¹ 1. Microsoft Applied Sciences (United States of America)
	Under-display camera is of great interest in the display industry potentially eliminating the display bezel and camera notch/hole in mobile devices. However, display panels cause complex signal modulation in the camera aperture which results in light diffraction and signal loss. We explored learning-based image restoration approaches to achieve a high contrast and signal-to-noise ratio in modern image processing.
AIS3/VHF5-2 11:05	Invited Improving Material Translation Based on Style Image Retrieval for Neural Style Transfer *Gibran Benitez-Garcia¹, Keiji Yanai² 1. OMRON SINIC X Corp (Japan), 2. The University of Electro-Communications (Japan)
	In this talk, we introduce a CNN-feature-based image retrieval method to find the ideal style image that better translates the material of an object. We segment objects from the content image by using a weakly supervised segmentation method, and transfer the material of the retrieved style image to the segmented areas. With this method, we achieve realistic images that can even fool human perception.
AIS3/VHF5-3L 11:30	A Cloud System for Extraction of Autonomic Nervous System Indices and Blood Pressure Variabilities from Video Images *Makoto Yoshizawa¹, Norihiro Sugita¹, Akira Tanaka², Noriyasu Homma¹, Tomoyuki Yambe¹ 1. Tohoku University (Japan), 2. Fukushima University (Japan)
	To cope with the new life style of With-After COVID-19, we have developed a prototype of non-contact and remote health monitoring cloud system on the basis of video images shot by ordinary video cameras of clients' personal computers around the world in the Internet without installing any applications or programs.

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DES2/AIS4: Automotive & Artificial Intelligence
Special Topics of Interest on Automotive Displays

Dec. 10 13:00-14:25

Chair: Kazumoto Morita
Co-Chair: Mutsumi Kimura (Ryukoku Univ.)

DES2/AIS4-1 13:00	Invited Issues and activities on Safe AI for Autonomous Driving *Naoki Mitsumoto¹ 1. DENSO CORPORATION (Japan)
	Quality and safety of Deep Neural Network are very important issue for autonomous drive, and we're challenging this from the perspectives of quality assurance, social acceptance, and technological development. However they are not issues that can be handled by a single company, cooperative efforts among industries and academies are required.
DES2/AIS4-2 13:25	Advanced Optical Methods to Ensure Safe Image Reproduction on Automotive Displays *Karlheinz Blankenbach¹, Matthaeus Vogelmann¹ 1. Pforzheim University (Germany)
	Modern cars are equipped with Camera Monitor Systems (CMS) - such as back-up camera systems or mirror replacement systems. These systems must achieve high safety levels. Today, only digital data are supervised. This paper introduces new methods for optical supervision of displays enabling “light-to-light” (camera to display output) protection.
DES2/AIS4-3 13:45	Invited Multistage Video Up-Scaling Technique for 8K High Quality Display *Sewhan Na¹, Unki Park¹, Hyun-Wook Lim¹, Jaeyoul Lee¹ 1. Samsung Electronics (Korea)
	A multistage video up-scaling in this paper, consisting of a linear filter, convolutional neural networks, and a hand-made adaptive scaler trained by machine learning theory, achieves a high quality 8K resolution, which is hard to obtain with a single up-scaling at low cost, in DTV application.<gdiv></gdiv>
DES2/AIS4-4L 14:10	Image Quality Enhancement of Ghost Imaging by Using Gradient Descent *Ikuo Hoshi¹, Tomoyoshi Shimobaba¹, Takashi Kakue¹, Tomoyoshi Ito¹ 1. Chiba University (Japan)
	Ghost imaging reconstructs images only using a single element detector. It has a various advantage. However, one of the challenges is low image quality in undersampling. In this study, we improve the image quality of reconstructed images by using gradient descent.

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AMD3/AIS5: Display and Sensor
TFT Applications:

Dec. 10 14:40-16:05

Chair: Mutsumi Kimura (Ryukoku Univ.)
Co-Chair: Hiroki Hamada (Kindai Univ.)

AMD3/AIS5-1 14:40	Invited High Light Resistance IGZO-TFT for 10,000 nit Super Bright 8K LCD Display *Masamitsu Yamanaka¹, Jun Nishimura¹, Kengo Hara¹, Tohru Daitoh¹, Kenji Ohtsuki¹, Kenji Takase¹, Yuichi Kawahira¹, Akira Sakai¹, Kiyoshi Minoura¹ 1. SHARP DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (Japan)
	A 31.5inch-8K-LCD with 10,000 nit peak luminance, based on thePerceptual Quantization format in the ITU-R RecommendationBT2100, has been developed with local dimming driving toperceive a high dynamic range in bright ambient environments.Good image quality has been confirmed due toexcellent light-resistance characteristics of IGZO TFT.
AMD3/AIS5-2 15:05	Invited A Conformable Imager Using LTPS TFT and Organic Photodetector for Biometric Sensing *Hirofumi Kato¹, Takashi Nakamura¹, Tomoyuki Yokota², Takao Someya², Akio Takimoto¹ 1. Japan Display Inc. (Japan), 2. The University of Tokyo (Japan)
	We developed an imager by using low-temperature polysilicon thin-film transistors on a plastic substrate together with organic photodetectors. By improving the driving scheme, the framerate of the imager was up to 19.5fps with a resolution of 508ppi that enables high-resolution imaging and high-speed sensing simultaneously. The conformable imager can be attached to the human skin directly and measure the various biometric data such as pulse wave, fingerprints, and veins.
AMD3/AIS5-3 15:30	Simplified Pixel Circuit with New External Compensation Circuit for High-Resolution AMOLED Displays *Sung-Chun Chen¹, Li-Jung Chen, Chih-Lung Lin¹ 1. National Cheng Kung University (Taiwan)
	This work presents a simple pixel structure with external compensation circuit for high-resolution active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. Simulation results indicate that the emission current error rates are all below 5%, proving that the proposed circuit can improve the image quality of high-resolution AMOLED displays.
AMD3/AIS5-4L 15:50	Enhancement of Optical Memory Characteristics of Solution-Processed Organic Transistor Memories with Polymer-Small-Molecule Composite Charge Storage Layers *Reitaro Hattori¹, Takashi Nagase^1,2, Miho Higashinakaya¹, Shion Tazuhara¹, Takashi Kobayashi^1,2, Hiroyoshi Naito^1,2 1. Osaka Prefecture University (Japan), 2. The Research Institute for Molecular Electronic Devices (RIMED), Osaka Prefecture University (Japan)
	The use of soluble polymer-small molecule composites to polymer-based top-gate organic transistors can facilitate the solution processing of nonvolatile organic memories. We found that the addition of soluble fullerene derivatives to PMMA:TIPS-pentacene composite films allows achieving a large threshold voltage shift of over 40 V by photo-assisted programming.

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INP3/AIS6: AR/VR Interactive and Haptic Technologies
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 11 13:00-14:35

Chair: Nobuyuki Hashimoto (Japan Women's Univ.)
Co-Chair: Makoto Sato (Tokyo Tech)

INP3/AIS6-1 13:00	Invited Multimodal Acoustic Trapping Display *Ryuji Hirayama¹, Diego Martinez Plasencia¹, Nobuyuki Masuda², Sriram Subramanian¹ 1. University of Sussex (UK), 2. Tokyo University of Science (Japan)
	The Multimodal Acoustic Trapping Display (MATD) makes use of ultrasound to trap, quickly move and color a particle in mid-air, to create volumetric shapes. Using the pressure delivered by ultrasound, the MATD can also create high-pressure points that our hands can feel and induce air vibrations that create audible sound.
INP3/AIS6-2 13:25	Invited Inverse Problems in Tactile Displays *Norihisa Miki¹, Hiroki Ishizuka² 1. Keio University (Japan), 2. Osaka University (Japan)
	Tactile displays can potentially augment quality and quantity of information in human-computer interaction. In this presentation, we discuss how we solve the inverse problems of the tactile displays, in which we propose the microfabricated tactile samples to deduce quantitative correlation between the surface properties and tactile perception.
INP3/AIS6-3 13:50	Invited Ball-type Haptic Display for Physical Experience of Televised Sporting Events *Takuya Handa¹, Makiko Azuma¹, Masaki Takahashi¹, Masanori Sano¹, Yuko Yamanouchi¹ 1. NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories (Japan)
	We aim to create a universal service for people to enjoy and share the fun and excitement of sports programs. Our prototype system provides impact sensation of a hitting ball based on the estimates of the direction and magnitude of acceleration calculated from a ball's trajectory data.
INP3/AIS6-4 14:15	Human Movement Recognition Using Internal Sensors of a Smartphone-based HMD *Ryota Matsui¹, Kaho Kato¹, Yuta Sugiura¹ 1. Keio University (Japan)
	This paper aims to recognize human movements using the internal sensors of a smartphone-based head-mounted display (HMD). The internal sensors of the smartphone are used to recognize human movements, such as jumping and turning. In our experiment, the average movement recognition accuracy for 16 movements was 92.03%.

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PRJ7/AIS7: Smart City
Special Topics of Interest on AR/VR and Hyer Reality

Dec. 11 14:40-16:00

Chair: Satoshi Ouchi (Hitachi)
Co-Chair: Makio Kurashige (DNP)

PRJ7/AIS7-1 14:40	Invited Clustered Digital Air Cannon: A Novel Device for Projection-based Olfactory Display *Yasuyuki Yanagida¹, Haruo Noma² 1. Meijo University (Japan), 2. Ritsumeikan University (Japan)
	We propose a novel configuration of air cannons, called Clustered Digital Air cannon (CDA). CDA consists of many small nozzles that synthetically compose an aperture of the air cannon. CDA can offer many functionalities that have not been achieved by conventional air cannons.
PRJ7/AIS7-2 15:00	Carried Objects Recognition from Pedestrians' Range Images *Akinobu Watanabe¹ 1. Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
	We developed the carried objects estimation technique from range image captured by TOF sensor, and confirmed accuracy of single carried object's existence is 98% and loss is 7% by combination of recognition method of CNN model trained by histogram images of point cloud and rule-based pre-detection method.
PRJ7/AIS7-3 15:20	Requirements of OpenXR Specification for Mechanical Maintenance Support Systems *Takayuki Fujiwara¹ 1. Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
	The paper shows what kind of factors are required for XR based mechanical maintenance support systems from existed papers. As the result of the investigation, recognition technologies in AR and connecting other devices and sharing VR space are required.
PRJ7/AIS7-4 15:40	Improvement of Field of View in Light-Field Head-Mounted Display by Displacing Elemental Images *Yasutaka Maeda¹, Daiichi Koide¹, Kensuke Hisatomi¹ 1. NHK (Japan)
	We propose an light-field head mounted display for a virtual reality device. In this study, a 5.5-inches 4K display panel is applied, and an elemental image is displaced from the back of the corresponding microlens. We confirmed the improvement of the field of view via simulation and experiment.

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AISp1: Artificial Intelligence and Smart Society

Dec. 10 16:10-18:10

AISp1-1	Deep- Learning- Assisted Single-Pixel Imaging for Gesture Recognition Considering Privacy *Naoya Mukojima¹, Masaki Yasugi^1,2, Yasuhiro Mizutani³, Takeshi Yasui⁴, Hirotsugu Yamamoto^1,2 1. Utsunomiya Univ. (Japan), 2. JST, ACCEL (Japan), 3. Osaka Univ. (Japan), 4. Tokushima Univ. (Japan)
	We report a difference of structural similarity of restored images in terms of different irradiation methods for single-pixel imaging. Images of hand shadows taken with different irradiation methods are processed by Single Pixel Imaging and restores by U-Net for output. The proposed method is used for considering privacy gesture recognition.

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